2017-10-31 Grammar: social and logical modals

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 71 exercise 2 - For each sentence, decide which social function it performs. (Sometimes more than one answer may be correct.)
4 invitation
5 suggestion
6 suggestion/intention
7 obligation
8 (lack of) obligation
9 advice
10 advice
11 request
12 offer
13 suggestion
14 promise
15 promise
16 advice
17 offer
18 (lack of) permission
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There are also different logical meanings that modals can have. Many modals can have more than one meaning.
If you want to get a good grade, you must study a lot. - obligation
You got 100% on your test? You must study a lot. - logical inference / conclusion
We could get our visas by next week. - (future) possibility/prediction
We could apply for our visas online. - ability
I don’t know why she’s absent. She could be at home sick. - logical inference/guess
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general possibility: English grammar can be confusing.
impossibility: You can’t be tired already. He couldn’t be at home, he just left here a minute ago.
future events: There will be a test on Monday.
predictions: You may be confused by the next grammar we talk about. It will rain tomorrow.
logical inferences: You must be very tired. He should be home now. She might be sick.
ability/inability: You can’t speak Spanish, you’ve only taken one class.
habitual past actions: I used to study Spanish. I would get up every morning and go running.
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p. 74-75 exercise 3 - what meaning is expressed in each sentence?
4 habitual past
5 prediction
6 future time / plan
7 prediction
8 logical inference
9 ability
10 impossibility / logical inference
11 prediction
12 logical inference
13 future event
14 logical inference
15 habitual past
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Pre-quiz about modals of probability/inference
http://kahoot.it
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Homework: p. 75 exercise 4 - Identify the purpose (social or logical) of each modal