Lua Module Example

This is just a snippet of the actual full code. The first comment is actually line 72 and the last "end" is actually line 278 of 1,597 lines.
I just cut out the set up and additional methods to showcase how beautiful as heck this code is.

--[[ The Module ]]--
local BaseCamera = {}
BaseCamera.__index = BaseCamera

function BaseCamera.new()
    local self = setmetatable({}, BaseCamera)

    -- So that derived classes have access to this
    self.FIRST_PERSON_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD = FIRST_PERSON_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD

    self.cameraType = nil
    self.cameraMovementMode = nil

    local player = Players.LocalPlayer
    self.lastCameraTransform = nil
    self.rotateInput = ZERO_VECTOR2
    self.userPanningCamera = false
    self.lastUserPanCamera = tick()

    self.humanoidRootPart = nil
    self.humanoidCache = {}

    -- Subject and position on last update call
    self.lastSubject = nil
    self.lastSubjectPosition = Vector3.new(0,5,0)

    -- These subject distance members refer to the nominal camera-to-subject follow distance that the camera
    -- is trying to maintain, not the actual measured value.
    -- The default is updated when screen orientation or the min/max distances change,
    -- to be sure the default is always in range and appropriate for the orientation.
    self.defaultSubjectDistance = Util.Clamp(player.CameraMinZoomDistance, player.CameraMaxZoomDistance, DEFAULT_DISTANCE)
    self.currentSubjectDistance = Util.Clamp(player.CameraMinZoomDistance, player.CameraMaxZoomDistance, DEFAULT_DISTANCE)

    self.inFirstPerson = false
    self.inMouseLockedMode = false
    self.portraitMode = false
    self.isSmallTouchScreen = false

    -- Used by modules which want to reset the camera angle on respawn.
    self.resetCameraAngle = true

    self.enabled = false

    -- Input Event Connections
    self.inputBeganConn = nil
    self.inputChangedConn = nil
    self.inputEndedConn = nil

    self.startPos = nil
    self.lastPos = nil
    self.panBeginLook = nil

    self.panEnabled = true
    self.keyPanEnabled = true
    self.distanceChangeEnabled = true

    self.PlayerGui = nil

    self.cameraChangedConn = nil
    self.viewportSizeChangedConn = nil

    self.boundContextActions = {}

    -- VR Support
    self.shouldUseVRRotation = false
    self.VRRotationIntensityAvailable = false
    self.lastVRRotationIntensityCheckTime = 0
    self.lastVRRotationTime = 0
    self.vrRotateKeyCooldown = {}
    self.cameraTranslationConstraints = Vector3.new(1, 1, 1)
    self.humanoidJumpOrigin = nil
    self.trackingHumanoid = nil
    self.cameraFrozen = false
    self.subjectStateChangedConn = nil

    -- Gamepad support
    self.activeGamepad = nil
    self.gamepadPanningCamera = false
    self.lastThumbstickRotate = nil
    self.numOfSeconds = 0.7
    self.currentSpeed = 0
    self.maxSpeed = 6
    self.vrMaxSpeed = 4
    self.lastThumbstickPos = Vector2.new(0,0)
    self.ySensitivity = 0.65
    self.lastVelocity = nil
    self.gamepadConnectedConn = nil
    self.gamepadDisconnectedConn = nil
    self.currentZoomSpeed = 1.0
    self.L3ButtonDown = false
    self.dpadLeftDown = false
    self.dpadRightDown = false

    -- Touch input support
    self.isDynamicThumbstickEnabled = false
    self.fingerTouches = {}
    self.dynamicTouchInput = nil
    self.numUnsunkTouches = 0
    self.inputStartPositions = {}
    self.inputStartTimes = {}
    self.startingDiff = nil
    self.pinchBeginZoom = nil
    self.userPanningTheCamera = false
    self.touchActivateConn = nil

    -- Mouse locked formerly known as shift lock mode
    self.mouseLockOffset = ZERO_VECTOR3

    -- [[ NOTICE ]] --
    -- Initialization things used to always execute at game load time, but now these camera modules are instantiated
    -- when needed, so the code here may run well after the start of the game

    if player.Character then
        self:OnCharacterAdded(player.Character)
    end

    player.CharacterAdded:Connect(function(char)
        self:OnCharacterAdded(char)
    end)

    if self.cameraChangedConn then self.cameraChangedConn:Disconnect() end
    self.cameraChangedConn = workspace:GetPropertyChangedSignal("CurrentCamera"):Connect(function()
        self:OnCurrentCameraChanged()
    end)
    self:OnCurrentCameraChanged()

    if self.playerCameraModeChangeConn then self.playerCameraModeChangeConn:Disconnect() end
    self.playerCameraModeChangeConn = player:GetPropertyChangedSignal("CameraMode"):Connect(function()
        self:OnPlayerCameraPropertyChange()
    end)

    if self.minDistanceChangeConn then self.minDistanceChangeConn:Disconnect() end
    self.minDistanceChangeConn = player:GetPropertyChangedSignal("CameraMinZoomDistance"):Connect(function()
        self:OnPlayerCameraPropertyChange()
    end)

    if self.maxDistanceChangeConn then self.maxDistanceChangeConn:Disconnect() end
    self.maxDistanceChangeConn = player:GetPropertyChangedSignal("CameraMaxZoomDistance"):Connect(function()
        self:OnPlayerCameraPropertyChange()
    end)

    if self.playerDevTouchMoveModeChangeConn then self.playerDevTouchMoveModeChangeConn:Disconnect() end
    self.playerDevTouchMoveModeChangeConn = player:GetPropertyChangedSignal("DevTouchMovementMode"):Connect(function()
        self:OnDevTouchMovementModeChanged()
    end)
    self:OnDevTouchMovementModeChanged() -- Init

    if self.gameSettingsTouchMoveMoveChangeConn then self.gameSettingsTouchMoveMoveChangeConn:Disconnect() end
    self.gameSettingsTouchMoveMoveChangeConn = UserGameSettings:GetPropertyChangedSignal("TouchMovementMode"):Connect(function()
        self:OnGameSettingsTouchMovementModeChanged()
    end)
    self:OnGameSettingsTouchMovementModeChanged() -- Init

    UserGameSettings:SetCameraYInvertVisible()
    UserGameSettings:SetGamepadCameraSensitivityVisible()

    self.hasGameLoaded = game:IsLoaded()
    if not self.hasGameLoaded then
        self.gameLoadedConn = game.Loaded:Connect(function()
            self.hasGameLoaded = true
            self.gameLoadedConn:Disconnect()
            self.gameLoadedConn = nil
        end)
    end

    return self
end

function BaseCamera:GetModuleName()
    return "BaseCamera"
end

function BaseCamera:OnCharacterAdded(char)
    self.resetCameraAngle = self.resetCameraAngle or self:GetEnabled()
    self.humanoidRootPart = nil
    if UserInputService.TouchEnabled then
        self.PlayerGui = Players.LocalPlayer:WaitForChild("PlayerGui")
        for _, child in ipairs(char:GetChildren()) do
            if child:IsA("Tool") then
                self.isAToolEquipped = true
            end
        end
        char.ChildAdded:Connect(function(child)
            if child:IsA("Tool") then
                self.isAToolEquipped = true
            end
        end)
        char.ChildRemoved:Connect(function(child)
            if child:IsA("Tool") then
                self.isAToolEquipped = false
            end
        end)
    end
end

function BaseCamera:GetHumanoidRootPart()
    if not self.humanoidRootPart then
        local player = Players.LocalPlayer
        if player.Character then
            local humanoid = player.Character:FindFirstChildOfClass("Humanoid")
            if humanoid then
                self.humanoidRootPart = humanoid.RootPart
            end
        end
    end
    return self.humanoidRootPart
end