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- ;TIPS AND NOTES
- ;Grammar notes will be more helpful once you have a context for understanding them,
- ;so if you find you're having trouble with the lessons, these notes should be more helpful to you.
- ;SOME SIMPLE ESPERANTO RULES
- ;Each letter has a unique and separate sound. For example: longa is pronounced "lon-ga".
- ;Both k and n are pronounced in knabo.
- ;The emphasis in every word is always on the next-to-last syllable.
- ;For example: all 2-syllable words have the emphasis on the first syllable,
- ;as in viro, and all 3-syllable words have the emphasis on the middle syllable, as in knabino.
- ;All present tense verbs end in -as, so there are no verb conjugations.
- ;Examples: estas, laboras. Yay!
- ;All singular nouns, such as knabo and virino, end in -o.
- ;This includes names of cities and countries, such as Francio (France).
- ;The definite article ("the" in English) is la in Esperanto. For example: la viro = the man.
- ;Indefinite articles ("a" and "an" in English) are not used in Esperanto.
- ;For example: viro = a man.
- ;-in is the feminine suffix: viro = man, virino = woman; knabo = boy,
- ;knabino = girl. Remember that all singular nouns end in -o, so the full ending is -ino.
- ;ESPERANTO ALPHABET
- ;The Esperanto alphabet has 28 letters.
- ;They include all the letters of the English alphabet,
- ;except for Q, W, X and Y. A few letters have accent marks.
- ;If you are spelling an Esperanto word out loud,
- ;the name of each consonant is the sound that letter makes,
- ;followed by -o: B = bo, S = so etc. The name of each vowel is the sound that letter makes.
- ;a = ah
- ;e = eh
- ;i = ee
- ;o = oh
- ;u = oo
- ;The letters C and J
- ; Esperanto example
- ;c ts (as in pets) laca
- ;j y (as in yet ) kaj
- ;Here are four of the accented letters:
- ;Esperanto English Esperanto example
- ;ĉ ch (as in chair) ĉu
- ;ĝ g (as in large) ĝi
- ;ŝ sh (as in shoe) ŝi
- ;ŭ w (as in wet) aŭ
- ;Clothes
- :?:hat::ĉapelo
- return
- ;Common Phrases
- :*:hello::saluton
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- :*:bye::adiaŭ
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- :*:good::bonan
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- :?:night::nokton
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- :*:day::tagon
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- :*:how are you::kiel vi fartas
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- :*:Saluton kiel vi fartas::Saluton kiel vi fartas hodiaŭ?
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- ;Common Words
- :?:today::hodiaŭ
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- :?:neither::nek
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- :?:nor::nek
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- :*:going::irante
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- :*:irante to::iranta
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- :*:please::bonvolu
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- :*:chat::babili
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- :*:screen::ekrano
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- :*:and::kaj
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- :?:bad::malbona
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- :*:small::malgranda
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- :*:big::granda
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- :*:sweet::dolĉa
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- :*:game::ludo
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- :?:no::ne
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- :*:this::ĉi tio
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- :?:is::estas
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- :?:the::la
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- :?:are::estas
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- :?:am a::estas
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- :?:am not::ne estas
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- ;People
- :?:he::li
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- :?:she::ŝi
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- :*:they::ili
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- :?:i::mi
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- :?:me::min
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- :?:my::mia
- :?:you::vi
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- :?:boy::knabo
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- :?:girl::knabino
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- :*:baby::bebo
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- :*:Man::viron
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- :*:woman::virino
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- ;Animals
- :*:dog::hundo
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- :*:cat::kato
- return
- :?:cow::bovino
- return
- :*:horse::ĉevalo
- return
- ;Food
- :?:Apple::pomo
- return
- :?:Apples::pomoj
- return
- :?:pasta::pasto
- return
- :*:beef::bovaĵo
- return
- :?:pork::porkaĵo
- return
- ;Languages
- :?:english::angla
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- :?:german::germana
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- :?:spanish::hispana
- return
- :?:french::franca
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- :?:italian::itala
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- ;Numbers
- :?:One::unu
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- :?:two::tri
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- :?:four::kvar
- return
- :?:five::kvin
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- :?:six::ses
- return
- :?:seven::sep
- return
- :?:eight::8
- return
- :?:nine::naŭ
- return
- :?:ten::dek
- return
- ;Eleven is Dek unu/Ten + One so Twelve is Dek du/Ten + Two and so on
- ;Twenty is Dudek/Ten X 2 so twenty two is dudek du/Ten x 2 + 2 and so on
- ;Thirty is Tridek/Ten x 3 and so on I think you get it by now
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