2015-02-18 Structure: modal review

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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What is the man doing in the picture on p. 240?
Facebook
Instagram
Snapchat
Twitter
Pinterest
Tumblr
Vine
Path
Swarm
LinkedIn
Google+
...
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You should get involved in social media. = You should use social media a lot.
(active, connected, take part in)

Everyone ought to learn how to use it. = Everyone should learn how to use it.
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p. 241 part A | Vocabulary
1 c
2 e
3 b
4 f (this is the *verb* "network")
5 d
6 a
upload/download
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MODALS
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may	might
can	could
(shall)	should
will	would
(real)	(unreal)

ought to
must
had better

[modal] + base form
modals don't change for he/she/it
you can use only one modal in a clause
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"similar expressions"

[have] to = have got to (like "must")
[be] able to (like "can")

The meaning is the same as some modals, but the grammar is different. These are normal verbs, so they change for he/she/it, and can be in the past or future tense.

I have to go. He has to go. I had to go to the doctor yesterday.
I will be able to help you later. I wasn't able to log onto Facebook yesterday.
I have had to go to the bathroom for the past hour.
I have been able to speak some Spanish for 20 years.
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ought to = should: this thing is a good idea
had better: it's the best idea, AND if you don't do it, something bad will happen

You should study. = It's a good idea. You should study every day.
You'd better study. = It's very important. If you don't, you'll fail the test.

You have to speak English. = You must speak English.
You must not speak Arabic. = You can't do it. You have no choice.
You don't have to pay today. = You can pay any time. You have a choice.
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p. 247-248 exercise 2
1 a can't
  b has got to
  c 'd better (specific, right now, important)
  d should (in general, every night)
2 a 'll be able to
  b can't
  c ought to
  d 'll have to
  e may not
  f Should
3 a
  b
  c
  d
  e
  f
4 a
  b
  c
  d
  e
  f
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Homework: read the grammar notes on p. 243-245
	  do exercise 1 A and B (246-247)
	  do exercise 3 p. 249