2017-08-29 Grammar: more passives

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 218 exercise 7 - put a check mark next to every correct sentence
2 a correct
  b incorrect
  c correct
  d correct
3 a incorrect
  b correct
  c correct
  d incorrect
4 a C
  b I
  c C
  d I
5 a C
  b C
  c C
  d I
6 a I
  b C
  c I
  d C
7 a I
  b C
  c C
  d I
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Some sentences have two objects (two receivers of the action)
The professor gave us a difficult math problem. / The professor gave a difficult problem to us.
Many sentences like this can be made passive in two different ways:
We were given a difficult math problem by the professor.
A difficult math problem was given to us by the professor.
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What common verb is almost always passive?
“I was born in 1983.”
Women bear children.
My mother bore me in 1983. (The usual verb here would be “had”.)
I was borne by my mother in 1983. (As a normal verb the past participle has -e at the end.)
I was born in 1983.
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Remember:
“subject” and “object” describe what a word does in a sentence
“agent” and “receiver” describe what a thing does in the world
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Exercise 11 - Use the cues to write complete sentences about each situation.
1 b It was sent to the wrong address.
  c We sent it back.
2 a Maria taught her son...
  b She was taught by her parents...
3 a The pickpocket almost disappeared into the crowd.
  b He was caught by an alert police officer.
4 a Tony cut down a dead tree.
  b The tree fell to the ground with a crash.
  c Fortunately, no one was hurt.
5 a Something very sad happened yesterday.
  b A deer was hit by a truck.
  c It was killed instantly.
  d It died instantly.
6 a ...we were required to wear uniforms
  b ...high school required students...
  c I didn’t agree with the dress code.
  d Now my children are required to wear uniforms.
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Maria was taught by her son to use a cell phone.
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Ask and answer these questions with your partner, using the passive.
1 What did your parents expect you to do when you were a child? (“I was expected to…”)
2 What frightens you?
3 What bothers you?
4 What often confuses people?
5 Do you ever get headaches? What causes them?
6 What piece of technology has helped you the most as a student?
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When I was a child, I was frightened by ghosts. - This implies ghosts were real and frightened you.
“I was frightened of ghosts.” - This means you had that fear even though ghosts never did anything to you.