2014-11-12 Structure: articles

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 105-107 (reading and questions)
part A
1 e
2 d
3 g
4 h
5 c
6 a
7 b
8 f
part B
1 F - settled by Polynesians
2 T
3 T
4 F - they used wood
5 T
6 T
7 F - drier
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ARTICLES
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(this is similar to the tables on p. 108)

a/an - indefinite article
singular count nouns, non-specific and generic
I bought a new computer yesterday. (non-specific)
A computer is a useful machine. (generic)
A widow is a woman whose husband has died. (generic)
an hour, an honest person, an honor ('h' is silent)
a university, a one-way street, a united front ("yu", "wo")
(it depends on the next sound, not the next letter)
'a' before consonant sounds
'an' before vowel sounds (the letter doesn't matter)

Ø - zero article (no article)
plural count and noncount, non-specific and generic
I bought new computers for the school. (plural, non-spec.)
I bought milk at the store. (noncount, non-specific)
	(non-specific, we could also use "some")
Computers are getting faster every year. (plural, generic)
Milk is healthy for most people. (noncount, generic)

many proper nouns: Boston, Greg, English, Wednesday, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Christmas, Veteran's Day, Saudi Arabia

the - definite article
count and noncount nouns, specific/definite
The computer that I bought is fast. (singular)
The computers that I bought are fast. (plural)
The milk that I bought is 2%. (noncount)

generic for inventions, species, body parts:
The wheel was invented in Mesopotamia.
The African Elephant is the largest land animal.
The heart pumps blood to every part of the body.

some proper nouns: the United States, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Netherlands, the Charles River, the Atlantic Ocean, the Sahara Desert, the Red Sea
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p. 110 exercise 1A
2 D
3 N (we could say, "there are some gigantic platforms")
4 D
5 G
6 G (definitions are always generic)
7 G (the whole species)
8 N
9 G
10 D
exercise 1B
2 a
3 b
4 a
5 b
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exercise 3
2 the
3 A (this is the first time we heard about the team)
4 the ("center" is a common noun, and usually proper nouns that include a common noun also have "the")
5 the (only talking about the specific part that thaws)
6 the
7 the/a (we don't know if the team had mentioned the increase before, and these are their words)
8 the
9 Ø (generic noncount -> Ø)

10 The (all singular count nouns need something)
11 a
12 Ø (non-specific, could also use "some")
13 an
14 the
15 the
16 The ("issue" is singular count)
17 the
18 Ø
19 the
20 the
21 Ø
22 the
23 the
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DETERMINERS
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Determiners tell us which nouns or how much/how many nouns we are talking about.

articles: a/an, the
possessives: my, your, his, their, Greg's, my family's
demonstratives: this, that, these, those
question words: which, what, whose

quantifiers: words that tell you how much / how many of something
	few, some, any, many, much, enough, several, little
	numbers - seven, a couple, both, one

Singular count nouns ALWAYS have a determiner.

(Use "one" if you would also use "1" when writing.)

I bought a new computer for my house. (I don't need to specify that it's one computer, because one is the normal number to buy for myself.)

One student passed the last test. (It could be more, but I'm emphasizing that it was only 1 student.)
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Homework: p. 111 exercise 2, p. 114 exercise 5