In the world of science there have been many breakthroughs that have impacted our perceptions to how certain things work. Science is a vast topic to explore, and as a result there will always be new discovery which will effect how science will move forward. One of the most significant breakthroughs to date for genetic side of science is the cloning of Dolly the sheep. There have been numerous cloning experiments conducted before Dolly the sheep which have been successful which at the time had not been cloned with an adult cell. Dolly was a product of an adult cell, which during 1996 was a feat that scientist presumed was not possible and had not been accomplished.
“Dolly is the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell.” (BBC News, 1997) This breakthrough meant scientists could explore a new method of cloning on other species. “Clones are superior breeding animals used to produce healthier offspring. Animal cloning offers great benefits to consumers, farmers, and endangered species” (Bio org, 2010a) Human population has been growing in a rapid rate in the last century, with higher population comes higher demands for resources: food. Farmers can use this knowledge to produce clones of their best livestock. For mass production letting natural breeding will not produce the best products efficiently, also by natural breeding there is a high chance of bad traits or genetic disease being passed on to the offspring. “Cloning allows farmers and ranchers to accelerate the reproduction of their most productive livestock in order to better produce safe and healthy food.” (Bio org, 2010b) Not only do the farmers make money from this but the consumers will also benefit as this means the products will be more consistent and there will be less of a chance of the offspring carrying any genetic diseases which can harm humans who consume the product.
Humans must accept the responsibility of certain species going extinct; now the research from Dolly the sheep can be used to keep endangered species population from going extinct. With further research and experiments there may also be a time in the near future where we can revive species that have already gone extinct e.g. Dodo bird. This will bring ethical problems however in order to move forward in science experiments have to conducted. It will enable humans as a species to evolve further as our knowledge into genetics will further expand resulting in more scientific breakthroughs.
There have been many more advancements after Dolly was presented to the world. "The birth of Dolly and the new understanding of the opportunity to change the functioning of cells made researchers consider other possible ways of modifying cells," (Wilmut, 1997) This discovery led a way to look at cloning in a new way and help scientists understand how genetic modification works. It could also help scientists figure out how to repair diseased or damaged tissues. One of the most beneficial part for humanity: the ability for transplantation of tissues and organs.
“researchers in Japan found that introducing a set of four proteins into these skin cells led to a portion of them to "become very similar to embryo stem cells," where they had the ability to then differentiate into different adult cell types” (Wilmut, 2006). This finding can improve our understanding of how stem cells works. It can help patients of chemotherapy by replacing damaged cells or if a person has any diseased cells.  it can also be used in the donor’s immune system to fight against cancer and blood related disease e.g. lymphoma, neuroblastoma, multiple myeloma etc. These transplant all use adult stem cells, and because of the knowledge from Dolly our understanding on these procedures have improved and helped save many lives.
In modern science we can use adult stem cell cloning for gene therapy and genetic manufacturing of organism; by getting rid of disease that occur in cells or modifying it to a certain degree where only the best cells get cloned, we can create a perfect species.
As our understating grows so does the problems with the procedures. There is criticism that ethically how far can humans interfere with production of new life. The cost for the procedure is high and the techniques requires a lot of skill which will add to the cost. One of the biggest criticisms would be it is unreliable so there is always a risk it will not work out and money is being wasted. However, if we possess the ability to prevent inherited diseases, save animals from extinction and bring back any extinct animals then the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. “Given their unique regenerative abilities, stem cells offer new potentials for treating diseases such as diabetes, and heart disease.” (NIH, 2016) Not only does it help other animals, but it also gives humans a new hope to life if they suffer from the diseases as stated. Science will never progress without new experiments. In human history the progression of science has come from repeated experiments. The only way to improve is if we know where we are making mistakes and in order to make mistakes we have to take a action. Before adult cell cloning was made possible there was not many ways of dealing with certain cancer or diseases e.g. leukaemia. Now there are methods to deal with them.
To conclude one of the biggest breakthroughs for genetics: adult cell cloning, should be revered as a step forward for humanity, and a progression for science. It has revolutionized our understanding on genetic modification and how it can benefit not just humans but the whole of earth and all the living species. There will always be negatives but with a good guideline we can improve our methods of adult cell cloning.