2018-03-20 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots - list 6 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root
re (recycle, rebound, reuse, recline) = again/back
reg (regulation, regent, regime) = rule
retro (retrograde, retroactive, retrospect) = backward (opposite of “pro” in many words)
rupt (disrupt, rupture) = break/burst
scend (ascend, descend, crescendo) = climb
scope/skep/spec (microscope, spectacle, speculate) = see
scribe/script (transcript, scripture, inscribe) = write
sect/seg (section, bisect, sector, segment) = cut (“segment” and “fragment” are parts, but different kinds)
semi (semicircle, semiannual) = half (This is the Latin root. The Greek root is “hemi”.)
sol (solitude, desolate) = alone
sol (solar, solarium) = Sun
soph (philosophy, sophisticated) = wisdom
struct (construct, structure) = build
sub (subterranean, submerge, substandard) = under
super (superstructure, supersonic) = over
tele (telephone, telescope, telepathy) = far
term (determine, terminate) = limit/end (Sometimes it means a thing with limits or boundaries.)
terra/terri (territory, terrain) = Earth/land
therm (thermometer, thermal) = heat
trans (transport, transaction, transverse) = across
ultra (ultraviolet, ultrasound) = over (The opposite prefix is “infra”.)
uni (universe, unique, unilateral) = one
vac (vacuum, vacate, evacuate) = empty
veri (verify, veracity) = true
viv/vit (vital, vivacious) = life
vol (benevolent, malevolent, volunteer, volition) = will
xeno (xenophobia, xenophile) = foreign/strange
zoo (zoology, zooplankton) = animal
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Many roots in Latin that start with ‘s’ have corresponding Greek roots with ‘h’:
super/hyper
semi/hemi
sept/hept
Some roots that have the “same” meaning are used in different ways:
supersonic/superluminal = faster than the speed of sound/light
subsonic/subluminal = slower than that speed
ultrasonic/ultraviolet = higher frequency than what we can hear/see
infrasonic/infrared = lower frequency than what we can hear/see
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TOEFL Test: four sections, each worth 30 points, for a total of 120 possible points
1 reading: 3 or 4 passages, 60 or 80 minutes total to answer about 14 questions about each passage
2 listening: 2 or 3 sets of three listening passages each, 10 minutes of answering time per set, you can’t go back and forth between questions; 60-90 minutes total
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: six tasks, 5m30s speaking time, about 20 minutes total
4 writing: two tasks, 20 and 30 minutes to write, about 60 minutes total
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Reading Question Types:
- paraphrase / sentence restatement
- vocabulary
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- purpose
- inference
- reference/pronouns
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize into categories
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Reading Purpose Questions
- These are questions about why the author does something.
(They can also include questions about how the author does something, which is sort of the reverse.)
DELTA p. 91 gives examples of typical purpose questions and key words for answer choices
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p. 94 exercise 1.5.A - Take 2 minutes to answer questions 1 and 2 about the passage. Then compare with your partner and try to convince them of your answers if you disagree.
1 A
2 D
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BREAK
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Handout (Cengage) p. 85-86 exercise 4.1 - Take 4 minutes to answer these T/F purpose questions about the first passage.
1 T
2 F
3 F
4 F - optical physics is purely scientific, optical engineering is applied technology
p. 86-87 - Take 7 minutes to answer the questions about passage 2.
5 T
6 T
7 F
8 T
9 F
10 T
11 F
p. 87-88 - Take 3 minutes for passage 3.
12 F
13 T
14 F
15 T
Take 4 minutes for passage 4
16 F
17 F
18 F
19 T
20 T
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DELTA p. 95-97 - Take 7.5 minutes to finish exercise 1.5.A.
3 B
4 A
5 C
6 D - Informal social roles are key indicators of a group’s health and happiness.
7 C
8 C
9 A
10 C
p. 98 take 3 minutes to answer the first three questions in 1.5.B
1 A
2 D
3 B
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Homework: finish 1.5.B (DELTA p. 99-100) and do the rest of the handout (p. 89-91)