2017-05-09 TOEFL: word roots, listening function

Greg Malivuk
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 4) - With your partner, think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
icon = image
idio = one’s self (this can often have the meaning of unusual or unique)
il/im/in/ir = not (the opposite words have no prefix)
il/im/in/ir = in (the opposite words sometimes begin with “ex”)
	il before words that begin with L
	ir before words that begin with R
	im before words that begin with P, M, B
	in before other words
infra = under
inter = among/between
intra/intro = inside
ject = throw
junct = join
kine = move
lab = work
lex/lect = word/read (more fundamentally lex/lect/leg means picking out or gathering something, and reading is picking out words)
loc = place
luc = light (This root is usually followed by ‘e’ or ‘i’, so has an /s/ sound at the end.)
lum = light
macro = big
magni = great (in size or quality)
mal = bad
man/mani/manu = hand
mar = sea
mega = huge (as a scientific prefix, it means one million)
meta = change (sometimes “beyond”)
micro = small
migr = move
mis = incorrect
miss/mit = send/throw
mono = one
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sub/super, infra/ultra, hypo/hyper, under/over - These pairs have the same meanings, but are used with different words.
We often have pairs of roots with the same meaning, one from Greek and one from Latin:
mono/uni
bi/di
tri/tri
tetra/quad
pent/quint
hex/sex
hept/sept
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Reading test from yesterday - Let’s identify the types of questions
1 vocabulary
2 fact
3 negative fact
4 fact
5 vocabulary
6 purpose
7 reference
8 fact
9 vocabulary
10 fact
11 vocabulary
12 fact
13 sentence insertion
14 summarize
15 vocabulary
16 inference
17 paraphrase
18 vocabulary
19 fact
20 fact
21 inference
22 fact
23 fact
24 fact
25 purpose
26 vocabulary
27 sentence insertion
28 summarize
29 vocabulary
30 fact
31 vocabulary
32 fact
33 inference
34 vocabulary
35 vocabulary
36 vocabulary
37 fact
38 inference
39 purpose
40 fact
41 sentence insertion
42 summarize
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During the TOEFL test, you should try to answer the easiest ones first. If you have a lot of difficulty with vocabulary questions, for example, try to answer the other types of questions first.
(Remember: in the listening section, you can’t skip back and forth between questions, so this strategy won’t work)
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Also remember: you may have four reading passages on the TOEFL (or, if you have just three, then you will have three sets of listenings, or nine listening passages total)
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BREAK
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Listening section: second part of the test, after reading
- 2 or 3 sets of 3 listening passages each, about 17 questions per set, 60-90 minutes total
Listening question types:
- detail
- inference
- purpose
- main idea
- function
- organization
- attitude
- prediction
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Function Questions: what is the rhetorical function of a sentence or phrase the speaker says?
DELTA p. 246 - Listen to the conversation and answer the question.
p. 247 - In your group, try to think of a couple ways a person could (indirectly) perform the functions in the second box. That is, what expressions do English speakers use to do these things?
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Handout (Cengage) p. 321 - Listen to the excerpts from conversations and decide if each statement is true or false.
1 T
2 F
3 T
4 T
5 F (“spic and span” means very clean and neat)
6 T
7 T
8 F
9 T
10 F
11 T
12 F
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p. 322-325 - Listen the the parts of conversations and answer the function questions.
1 A
2 A
3 B
4 B
5 D (“That’s right up my alley.”)
6 A
In your own words, answer the next questions (These aren’t on your paper)
7 He knows that she won’t like what he’s going to say.
8 She has a lot to say on the topic.
9 She convinced him.
10 She’s surprised at how hard the exam sounds.
11 She hasn’t heard of the Mohs scale.
12 He’s clarifying that the *true* color is what this test shows. / He’s acknowledging that it seems the opposite of what he said earlier.
13 She understands now.
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Oxford p. 371 - Listen and answer the questions.
1 c
2 b
3 b
4 c
5 b
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Homework: DELTA p. 249-250 - Listen to the audio (on the CD or the website I sent you) and answer the function questions.