2016-02-18 Core: used to / would

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 165 practice 1 and p. 84 part 3 (Use the other words from the box to describe places you know.)
p. 84 part 2
1 atmosphere (“cosmopolitan” = “world-city”, with people and ideas from all over the world)
2 public transportation
3 financial
4 modern
5 built-up
6 skyscrapers
7 residents
8 neighborhoods
part 3
Delhi, in India, is considered the most polluted city in the world.
There is crime everywhere in Miami.
China has more traffic than other countries. / China has the most traffic in the world.
In Boston there are a lot of open spaces. / In Boston there is a lot of open space.
Many poor neighborhoods become run-down because people can’t afford repairs.
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What do you know about the history of Boston? How about your own city?
Who founded your city? When?
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part 4 - Guess the answers to the questions about New York before it was New York.
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Read the article “Before New York”
pristine = unspoiled

https://welikia.org/explore/mannahatta-map/ - website for the “Before New York” project
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part 5 - Look for this information in the article.
1 His project created the first image with its computer model of 1609 Manhattan.
2 He wants to show New Yorkers the natural potential of the area.
3 The beaver was a connection between how NYC used to be and the present.
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Find the sentences in the article that describe what NYC was like in the past.
Beavers used to be common in the area.
...what the New York area used to look like
this place was a pristine wilderness
animals like beavers, bears, and turkeys would roam freely…
Its ecology was as diverse as Yellowstone or Yosemite today.
There used to be sandy beaches along the coasts and 56 miles of freshwater streams.
...what used to be there
A family called Murray used to have a farm there.
...landed...offered...slipped
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Used to and Would (when they can replace simple past verbs):

“used to” - anything that was true for a period of time in the past, but not now
	(This includes habits and other repeated actions, as well as facts and states in the past.)
“would” - past repeated actions (must be repeated, must be actions)
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Remember: “used to” and “would” both have other meanings than these:
New Yorkers aren’t used to seeing beavers. / This computer is used to send emails.
I would like a hamburger. / They would have a farm if they had more money. / etc.
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Careful with negative “used to”:
My grandparents used to live near here. = They lived near here in the past, but now they don’t live near here.

My grandparents didn’t use to live near here. = They didn’t live near here in the past, but now they live near here.
If my grandparents are dead, I can’t say this. I have to say, for example, “They used to live far from here.”

“Bostonians didn’t use to live in the Back Bay.” (Now some of them do, so this is okay.)
“British colonists didn’t use to live in the Back Bay.” (There are no British colonists there now, either, so this is incorrect.)
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BREAK
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+	I used to have long hair.
-	I didn’t use to wear glasses.
? y/n	Did you use to live here?
? info	Where did you use to live?
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p. 85 part 9 - Rewrite the sentences with “used to” if possible.
1 New York used to be a lot greener than it is now.
2 There used to be a lot of forest and natural landscapes.
3 (no change - “The early residents live in a large city” is FALSE, so we shouldn’t say, “The early residents didn’t use to live in a large city.”)
4 People used to hunt beavers for their skins. (or: “People would hunt beavers for their skins.”)
5 (no change - this happened once)
6 What originally used to be in the area where Fifth Avenue is now?
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Subject question: an information question where the missing information (the question word) is the identity or the quantity of the subject:

What originally used to be in the area where Fifth Avenue is now? (subject = “what”)
What did you use to be before you were a teacher?

Who used to live here? (subject = “who”)
Who did you use to live with?

Who lives here with you? (subject = “who”)
Who do you live with?

What is happening? (subject = “what”)
What are you doing?

How many people live here? (subject = “people”, which is still part of the question “word”)
How many people do you live with?
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p. 85 part 11 - In groups of 3, complete the sentences so they are true for you and compare with your partners’ answers. Ask follow-up question to find out more information.
1 Before I studied here, I used to study English in Brazil.
  Before I studied here, I was studying at Showa.
2 When I was in elementary school, I used to wear a uniform.
3 Before I moved here, my family used to have dinner with me.
4 I remember my first vacation. I went to the beach every day. (simple past because it happened once)
5 Whenever I had a test at school, I would study very hard.
  …, I used to be anxious. (Now I’m not anxious about tests.)
6 In my family, on weekends we used to go to the mall.
7 The first time I left home, I went to Canada. (simple past because it happened once)
8 As a child, I used to do my homework. (= Now I don’t do my homework.)
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I never do my homework. = I don’t do my homework these days, but maybe I have in the past.
I never used to do my homework. = I didn’t do my homework in the past, but now I do it (at least sometimes).
I have never done my homework. = In my entire life, I have never once done any homework.
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p. 86 part 1 - Use the information and the map to complete the paragraph about Puerto Rico.
1 Atlantic Ocean / Caribbean Sea
2 islands
3 city
4 languages
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Homework: read p. 87 and do parts 3, 4, 5 on p. 86
	Also, google image search “tiny house” to get some ideas for the project tomorrow.