fluid.c 1

// Usage: Drag with the mouse to add smoke to the fluid. This will also move a "rotor" that disturbs
//        the velocity field at the mouse location. Press the indicated keys to change options
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <rfftw.h>              //the numerical simulation FFTW library
#include <GL/glut.h>            //the GLUT graphics library
#include <stdio.h>              //for printing the help text
#include<math.h>


//--- SIMULATION PARAMETERS ------------------------------------------------------------------------
const int DIM = 50;             //size of simulation grid
double dt = 0.4;                //simulation time step
float visc = 0.001;             //fluid viscosity
fftw_real *vx, *vy;             //(vx,vy)   = velocity field at the current moment
fftw_real *vx0, *vy0;           //(vx0,vy0) = velocity field at the previous moment
fftw_real *fx, *fy;             //(fx,fy)   = user-controlled simulation forces, steered with the mouse
fftw_real *rho, *rho0;          //smoke density at the current (rho) and previous (rho0) moment
rfftwnd_plan plan_rc, plan_cr;  //simulation domain discretization


//--- VISUALIZATION PARAMETERS ---------------------------------------------------------------------
int   winWidth, winHeight;      //size of the graphics window, in pixels
int   color_dir = 0;            //use direction color-coding or not
float vec_scale = 1000;         //scaling of hedgehogs
int   draw_smoke = 0;           //draw the smoke or not
int   draw_vecs = 1;            //draw the vector field or not
const int COLOR_BLACKWHITE=0;   //different types of color mapping: black-and-white, rainbow, banded
const int COLOR_RAINBOW=1;
const int COLOR_BANDS=2;
int   scalar_col = 0;           //method for scalar coloring
int   frozen = 0;               //toggles on/off the animation


//------ SIMULATION CODE STARTS HERE -----------------------------------------------------------------

//init_simulation: Initialize simulation data structures as a function of the grid size 'n'.
//                 Although the simulation takes place on a 2D grid, we allocate all data structures as 1D arrays,
//                 for compatibility with the FFTW numerical library.
void init_simulation(int n)
{
    int i; size_t dim;

    dim     = n*2*(n/2+1)*sizeof(fftw_real);        //Allocate data structures
    vx       = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    vy       = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    vx0      = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    vy0      = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    dim     = n * n * sizeof(fftw_real);
    fx      = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    fy      = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    rho     = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    rho0    = (fftw_real*) malloc(dim);
    plan_rc = rfftw2d_create_plan(n, n, FFTW_REAL_TO_COMPLEX, FFTW_IN_PLACE);
    plan_cr = rfftw2d_create_plan(n, n, FFTW_COMPLEX_TO_REAL, FFTW_IN_PLACE);

    for (i = 0; i < n * n; i++)                      //Initialize data structures to 0
    { vx[i] = vy[i] = vx0[i] = vy0[i] = fx[i] = fy[i] = rho[i] = rho0[i] = 0.0f; }
}


//FFT: Execute the Fast Fourier Transform on the dataset 'vx'.
//     'dirfection' indicates if we do the direct (1) or inverse (-1) Fourier Transform
void FFT(int direction,void* vx)
{
    if(direction==1) rfftwnd_one_real_to_complex(plan_rc,(fftw_real*)vx,(fftw_complex*)vx);
    else             rfftwnd_one_complex_to_real(plan_cr,(fftw_complex*)vx,(fftw_real*)vx);
}

int clamp(float x)
{ return ((x)>=0.0?((int)(x)):(-((int)(1-(x))))); }

//solve: Solve (compute) one step of the fluid flow simulation
void solve(int n, fftw_real* vx, fftw_real* vy, fftw_real* vx0, fftw_real* vy0, fftw_real visc, fftw_real dt)
{
    fftw_real x, y, x0, y0, f, r, U[2], V[2], s, t;
    int i, j, i0, j0, i1, j1;

    for (i=0;i<n*n;i++)
    { vx[i] += dt*vx0[i]; vx0[i] = vx[i]; vy[i] += dt*vy0[i]; vy0[i] = vy[i]; }

    for ( x=0.5f/n,i=0 ; i<n ; i++,x+=1.0f/n )
       for ( y=0.5f/n,j=0 ; j<n ; j++,y+=1.0f/n )
       {
          x0 = n*(x-dt*vx0[i+n*j])-0.5f;
          y0 = n*(y-dt*vy0[i+n*j])-0.5f;
          i0 = clamp(x0); s = x0-i0;
          i0 = (n+(i0%n))%n;
          i1 = (i0+1)%n;
          j0 = clamp(y0); t = y0-j0;
          j0 = (n+(j0%n))%n;
          j1 = (j0+1)%n;
          vx[i+n*j] = (1-s)*((1-t)*vx0[i0+n*j0]+t*vx0[i0+n*j1])+s*((1-t)*vx0[i1+n*j0]+t*vx0[i1+n*j1]);
          vy[i+n*j] = (1-s)*((1-t)*vy0[i0+n*j0]+t*vy0[i0+n*j1])+s*((1-t)*vy0[i1+n*j0]+t*vy0[i1+n*j1]);
       }

    for(i=0; i<n; i++)
      for(j=0; j<n; j++)
      {  vx0[i+(n+2)*j] = vx[i+n*j]; vy0[i+(n+2)*j] = vy[i+n*j]; }

    FFT(1,vx0);
    FFT(1,vy0);

    for (i=0;i<=n;i+=2)
    {
       x = 0.5f*i;
       for (j=0;j<n;j++)
       {
          y = j<=n/2 ? (fftw_real)j : (fftw_real)j-n;
          r = x*x+y*y;
          if ( r==0.0f ) continue;
          f = (fftw_real)exp(-r*dt*visc);
          U[0] = vx0[i  +(n+2)*j]; V[0] = vy0[i  +(n+2)*j];
          U[1] = vx0[i+1+(n+2)*j]; V[1] = vy0[i+1+(n+2)*j];

          vx0[i  +(n+2)*j] = f*((1-x*x/r)*U[0]     -x*y/r *V[0]);
          vx0[i+1+(n+2)*j] = f*((1-x*x/r)*U[1]     -x*y/r *V[1]);
          vy0[i+  (n+2)*j] = f*(  -y*x/r *U[0] + (1-y*y/r)*V[0]);
          vy0[i+1+(n+2)*j] = f*(  -y*x/r *U[1] + (1-y*y/r)*V[1]);
       }
    }

    FFT(-1,vx0);
    FFT(-1,vy0);

    f = 1.0/(n*n);
    for (i=0;i<n;i++)
       for (j=0;j<n;j++)
       { vx[i+n*j] = f*vx0[i+(n+2)*j]; vy[i+n*j] = f*vy0[i+(n+2)*j]; }
}


// diffuse_matter: This function diffuses matter that has been placed in the velocity field. It's almost identical to the
// velocity diffusion step in the function above. The input matter densities are in rho0 and the result is written into rho.
void diffuse_matter(int n, fftw_real *vx, fftw_real *vy, fftw_real *rho, fftw_real *rho0, fftw_real dt)
{
    fftw_real x, y, x0, y0, s, t;
    int i, j, i0, j0, i1, j1;

    for ( x=0.5f/n,i=0 ; i<n ; i++,x+=1.0f/n )
        for ( y=0.5f/n,j=0 ; j<n ; j++,y+=1.0f/n )
        {
            x0 = n*(x-dt*vx[i+n*j])-0.5f;
            y0 = n*(y-dt*vy[i+n*j])-0.5f;
            i0 = clamp(x0);
            s = x0-i0;
            i0 = (n+(i0%n))%n;
            i1 = (i0+1)%n;
            j0 = clamp(y0);
            t = y0-j0;
            j0 = (n+(j0%n))%n;
            j1 = (j0+1)%n;
            rho[i+n*j] = (1-s)*((1-t)*rho0[i0+n*j0]+t*rho0[i0+n*j1])+s*((1-t)*rho0[i1+n*j0]+t*rho0[i1+n*j1]);
        }
}

//set_forces: copy user-controlled forces to the force vectors that are sent to the solver.
//            Also dampen forces and matter density to get a stable simulation.
void set_forces(void)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < DIM * DIM; i++)
    {
        rho0[i]  = 0.995 * rho[i];
        fx[i] *= 0.85;
        fy[i] *= 0.85;
        vx0[i]    = fx[i];
        vy0[i]    = fy[i];
    }
}


//do_one_simulation_step: Do one complete cycle of the simulation:
//      - set_forces:
//      - solve:            read forces from the user
//      - diffuse_matter:   compute a new set of velocities
//      - gluPostRedisplay: draw a new visualization frame
void do_one_simulation_step(void)
{
    if (!frozen)
    {
      set_forces();
      solve(DIM, vx, vy, vx0, vy0, visc, dt);
      diffuse_matter(DIM, vx, vy, rho, rho0, dt);
      glutPostRedisplay();
    }
}


//------ VISUALIZATION CODE STARTS HERE -----------------------------------------------------------------


//rainbow: Implements a color palette, mapping the scalar 'value' to a rainbow color RGB
void rainbow(float value,float* R,float* G,float* B)
{
   const float dx=0.8;
   if (value<0) value=0; if (value>1) value=1;
   value = (6-2*dx)*value+dx;
   *R = max(0.0,(3-fabs(value-4)-fabs(value-5))/2);
   *G = max(0.0,(4-fabs(value-2)-fabs(value-4))/2);
   *B = max(0.0,(3-fabs(value-1)-fabs(value-2))/2);
}

//set_colormap: Sets three different types of colormaps
void set_colormap(float vy)
{
   float R,G,B;

   if (scalar_col==COLOR_BLACKWHITE)
       R = G = B = vy;
   else if (scalar_col==COLOR_RAINBOW)
       rainbow(vy,&R,&G,&B);
   else if (scalar_col==COLOR_BANDS)
       {
          const int NLEVELS = 7;
          vy *= NLEVELS; vy = (int)(vy); vy/= NLEVELS;
          rainbow(vy,&R,&G,&B);
       }

   glColor3f(R,G,B);
}


//direction_to_color: Set the current color by mapping a direction vector (x,y), using
//                    the color mapping method 'method'. If method==1, map the vector direction
//                    using a rainbow colormap. If method==0, simply use the white color
void direction_to_color(float x, float y, int method)
{
    float r,g,b,f;
    if (method)
    {
      f = atan2(y,x) / 3.1415927 + 1;
      r = f;
      if(r > 1) r = 2 - r;
      g = f + .66667;
      if(g > 2) g -= 2;
      if(g > 1) g = 2 - g;
      b = f + 2 * .66667;
      if(b > 2) b -= 2;
      if(b > 1) b = 2 - b;
    }
    else
    { r = g = b = 1; }
    glColor3f(r,g,b);
}

//visualize: This is the main visualization function
void visualize(void)
{


    int i, j, idx;
    fftw_real  wn = (fftw_real)(winWidth - 300) / (fftw_real)(DIM + 1);   // Grid cell width
    fftw_real  hn = (fftw_real)winHeight / (fftw_real)(DIM + 1);  // Grid cell heigh


    if (draw_smoke)
    {
        int idx0, idx1, idx2, idx3;
        double px0, py0, px1, py1, px2, py2, px3, py3;
        glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_FILL);
        glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);

        for (j = 0; j < DIM - 1; j++)            //draw smoke
        {

            for (i = 0; i < DIM - 1; i++)
            {
                px0 = wn + (fftw_real)i * wn;
                py0 = hn + (fftw_real)j * hn;
                idx0 = (j * DIM) + i;


                px1 = wn + (fftw_real)i * wn;
                py1 = hn + (fftw_real)(j + 1) * hn;
                idx1 = ((j + 1) * DIM) + i;


                px2 = wn + (fftw_real)(i + 1) * wn;
                py2 = hn + (fftw_real)(j + 1) * hn;
                idx2 = ((j + 1) * DIM) + (i + 1);


                px3 = wn + (fftw_real)(i + 1) * wn;
                py3 = hn + (fftw_real)j * hn;
                idx3 = (j * DIM) + (i + 1);


                set_colormap(rho[idx0]);    glVertex2f(px0, py0);
                set_colormap(rho[idx1]);    glVertex2f(px1, py1);
                set_colormap(rho[idx2]);    glVertex2f(px2, py2);


                set_colormap(rho[idx0]);    glVertex2f(px0, py0);
                set_colormap(rho[idx2]);    glVertex2f(px2, py2);
                set_colormap(rho[idx3]);    glVertex2f(px3, py3);


            }
        }
        glEnd();

        /***
        glBegin(GL_QUADS);
        glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); ///----------------
        glVertex2f(-1.,0.5); //two floats value
        glVertex2f(-1.0,-0.5); //two floats value
        glColor3f(0.0,0.0,1.0); ///----------------
        glVertex2f(0.0,-0.5); //two floats value
        glVertex2f(0.0,0.5); //two floats value
        glEnd();
        glFlush();

        ***/




    }

    if (draw_vecs)
    {
        glBegin(GL_LINES);              //draw velocities
        for (i = 0; i < DIM; i++)
            for (j = 0; j < DIM; j++)
            {
                idx = (j * DIM) + i;
                direction_to_color(vx[idx],vy[idx],color_dir);
                glVertex2f(wn + (fftw_real)i * wn, hn + (fftw_real)j * hn);
                glVertex2f((wn + (fftw_real)i * wn) + vec_scale * vx[idx], (hn + (fftw_real)j * hn) + vec_scale * vy[idx]);
            }
        glEnd();
    }
}


//------ INTERACTION CODE STARTS HERE -----------------------------------------------------------------

//display: Handle window redrawing events. Simply delegates to visualize().
void display(void)
{
    //printf("Hello");
    /***
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); ///----------------
    glVertex2f(0.6, 0.3); //two floats value
    glVertex2f(0.6, -0.3); //two floats value
    glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); ///----------------
    glVertex2f(0.9, -0.3); //two floats value
    glVertex2f(0.9, 0.3); //two floats value
    glEnd();
    glFlush();
    ***/

    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glLoadIdentity();
    visualize();

    //rainbow(0.8, 0, 1, 1);
    //set_colormap(1);



    glFlush();
    glutSwapBuffers();
}

//reshape: Handle window resizing (reshaping) events
void reshape(int w, int h)
{
    glViewport(0.0f, 0.0f, (GLfloat)w, (GLfloat)h);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble)w, 0.0, (GLdouble)h);
    winWidth = w; winHeight = h;
}

//keyboard: Handle key presses
void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y)
{
    switch (key)
    {
      case 't': dt -= 0.001; break;
      case 'T': dt += 0.001; break;
      case 'c': color_dir = 1 - color_dir; break;
      case 'S': vec_scale *= 1.2; break;
      case 's': vec_scale *= 0.8; break;
      case 'V': visc *= 5; break;
      case 'vy': visc *= 0.2; break;
      case 'x': draw_smoke = 1 - draw_smoke;
            if (draw_smoke==0) draw_vecs = 1; break;
      case 'y': draw_vecs = 1 - draw_vecs;
            if (draw_vecs==0) draw_smoke = 1; break;
      case 'm': scalar_col++; if (scalar_col>COLOR_BANDS) scalar_col=COLOR_BLACKWHITE; break;
      case 'a': frozen = 1-frozen; break;
      case 'q': exit(0);
    }
}



// drag: When the user drags with the mouse, add a force that corresponds to the direction of the mouse
//       cursor movement. Also inject some new matter into the field at the mouse location.
void drag(int mx, int my)
{
    int xi,yi,X,Y; double  dx, dy, len;
    static int lmx=0,lmy=0;             //remembers last mouse location

    // Compute the array index that corresponds to the cursor location
    xi = (int)clamp((double)(DIM + 1) * ((double)mx / (double)winWidth));
    yi = (int)clamp((double)(DIM + 1) * ((double)(winHeight - my) / (double)winHeight));

    X = xi; Y = yi;

    if (X > (DIM - 1))  X = DIM - 1; if (Y > (DIM - 1))  Y = DIM - 1;
    if (X < 0) X = 0; if (Y < 0) Y = 0;

    // Add force at the cursor location
    my = winHeight - my;
    dx = mx - lmx; dy = my - lmy;
    len = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
    if (len != 0.0) {  dx *= 0.1 / len; dy *= 0.1 / len; }
    fx[Y * DIM + X] += dx;
    fy[Y * DIM + X] += dy;
    rho[Y * DIM + X] = 10.0f;
    lmx = mx; lmy = my;
}


//main: The main program
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    printf("Fluid Flow Simulation and Visualization\n");
    printf("=======================================\n");
    printf("Click and drag the mouse to steer the flow!\n");
    printf("T/t:   increase/decrease simulation timestep\n");
    printf
    ("S/s:   increase/decrease hedgehog scaling\n");
    printf("c:     toggle direction coloring on/off\n");
    printf("V/vy:   increase decrease fluid viscosity\n");
    printf("x:     toggle drawing matter on/off\n");
    printf("y:     toggle drawing hedgehogs on/off\n");
    printf("m:     toggle thru scalar coloring\n");
    printf("a:     toggle the animation on/off\n");
    printf("q:     quit\n\n");

    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_DEPTH);
    //glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
    glutInitWindowSize(800, 500);
    glutCreateWindow("Real-time smoke simulation and visualization");
    glutDisplayFunc(display);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutIdleFunc(do_one_simulation_step);
    glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);
    glutMotionFunc(drag);


    init_simulation(DIM);   //initialize the simulation data structures
    glutMainLoop();         //calls do_one_simulation_step, keyboard, display, drag, reshape
    return 0;
}