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- proto-whatever
- SOV modifiers after, head final
- 3 genders - male, female, inanimate
- [verb tenses] male female inanimate
- past perfect -bʲir -bʲar -bʲor
- past simple -pir -par -por
- present perfect -dʲir -dʲar -dʲor
- present simple -tir -tar -tor
- future perfect -gʲir -gʲar -gʲor
- future simple -kir -kar -kor
- [aspect prefix] male female inanimate
- continuous (ω) bʷ dʷ gʷ
- delimitative (s)r l j
- inchoative (v) a e o (if not inchoative v = i)
- cessative (v) ai ei oi
- habitual (κ) p t k
- perfective (κ) b d g
- (delimitative - "[verb] for a short time")
- (inchoative - "to start [verb]")
- (cessative - "to stop [verb]")
- (perfective - action happened entirely (perfect - action happened entirely but with present relevance, or a present state resulting from a past situation.))
- copula - verb: etsi
- parataxis: no pronouns, declension not needed
- ellipsis: add "krei" (also)
- reflexive: -eol
- reciprocal: -aot
- passive: OSV
- causative: dʲaer-
- comparative/superlative: X (more)/(most)
- coordination: X po(and) X (po X etc). if X&Y&Z and X&Y is more relevant group, X pou Y po Z ([[Fred] and [Bill]] and [Sam] came.)
- interrogatives: pli (where), pro (when), et (what), art (why), egar (what kind of), esi (how), esdʲa(how many), elek (who)
- negative: sar X
- anaphora: substitute with pronoun
- [case] male female inanimate
- locative lei- lai- loi-
- ablative rie- rae- roe-
- allative sei- sea- soe-
- benefactive tri- tra- tro-
- possessive pii- pia- pio-
- (ablative: movement from)
- (allative: movement to)
- (benefactive: do something for X)
- nominative → possessive → locative → ablative → allative → benefactive
- nominalisation: gʲoi-
- [pronouns] male female inanimate
- 1S bʷel bʷal bʷol
- 2S pel pal pol
- 3S dʷej dʷaj dʷoj
- 1P tij taj tej
- 2P gʷis gʷas gʷes
- 3P kis kas kes
- [mood clitic before verb] male female inanimate
- subjunctive siel sial siol
- conditional teir tair toir
- imperative piek piak piok
- jussive reid raid roid
- (subjunctive: opinion)
- (jussive: wish/hope/desire)
- [articles] male female inanimate
- definate -ei -ai -oi
- indefinate -ir -ar -or
- partitive (some)sere sara soro
- plural: -i/-ki (after vowel)
- jobʷa ‣ to breathe
- jobbe ‣ pause for breath
- ibre ‣ take a rest
- itje ‣ to stop
- sige ‣ to be on vacation
- ropa ‣ to blow
- dʲeb ‣ to whisper
- sipre ‣ to speak
- rodʷa ‣ wind
- dʷoet ‣ air
- egpa ‣ life
- ikkar ‣ animate object
- igeol ‣ person
- ertar ‣ to think
- ejgʷak ‣ intelligence
- odika ‣ to feel
- todsiret ‣ mood
- tisar ‣ soul/ghost
- dʲite ‣ magic
- kribroi ‣ cave
- kipo ‣ hole
- gʲisi ‣ grave/tomb
- gʷiro ‣ ditch
- sibʷer ‣ furrow
- oil ‣ liquid
- jole ‣ water
- kased ‣ river
- gʷoret ‣ stream
- gʲeter ‣ flow
- kodʲis ‣ current
- dʲeo ‣ wood
- teor ‣ pole
- karo ‣ beam
- teror ‣ club
- saloi ‣ staff/walking stick
- tiker ‣ forest
- dʲeko ‣ tree
- dʷeoko ‣ plant
- tarig ‣ grass
- tigreo ‣ trunk
- sille ‣ stump
- si ‣ root
- ksae ‣ smoke
- kais ‣ steam
- kseig ‣ fog/mist
- se ‣ cloud
- koe ‣ dust
- bʷaej ‣ stone/rock
- peie ‣ reef
- aber ‣ hill
- apero ‣ mountain
- lapar ‣ top
- abʷai ‣ cliff/precipice
- bʲele ‣ jewel
- pira ‣ to decorate
- reak ‣ day
- lek ‣ light
- raka ‣ sun
- seok ‣ world
- arog ‣ time
- dʲeok ‣ season
- irak ‣ weather
- tiros ‣ age
- talois ‣ year
- dʷekero ‣ "hour"
- itora ‣ rain
- gʷasre ‣ spring/well
- kossar ‣ to drink
- idar ‣ sap
- aeke ‣ glue
- aslor ‣ land
- iser ‣ place
- alek ‣ floor
- asreo ‣ ground/soil
- keseor ‣ mainland
- koiterok ‣ country
- kotrep ‣ native
- kotser ‣ village
- atoj ‣ clay
- koter ‣ mud
- pojte ‣ swamp
- bʷare ‣ flour
- solek ‣ bottom
- dʷilek ‣ under
- gʷarek ‣ low
- eret ‣ below/down
- atri ‣ in/inside
- gʷlio ‣ chin
- kilo ‣ jaw
- ido ‣ cheek
- age ‣ face
- sagi ‣ eye
- tare ‣ forehead
- seje ‣ side
- tadʲer ‣ surface
- ali ‣ front
- saki ‣ appearance
- elie ‣ shape
- irit ‣ expression
- okto ‣ colour
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