CROWNS OF ATLAS & SHIVA

**BACKGROUND**
In a world where a single treaty changed the entire trajectory of Asian history, how would the 21st century look like for these newfound Asian powers? Here's how the year 2026AD or 1448H look like in the continent of Suvarnasantara:

**CONTEXT**
In 1515, the fifth sultan of Brunei; Bolkiah the Great (or Bolkiah I) signed the *1515 Bruneian-Portuguese Treaty of Everlasting Friendship & Commmerce* after seeing the ability of the Portuguese in taking the renowned Malaccan capital city. This prompted the introduction of Portuguese arquebuses and shipwright knowledge in Brunei via Kota Batu. This crucial historical point of divergence effectively changed the trajectory of Suvarnsantara permanently.

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🇧🇳 **SULTANATE OF BRUNEI**
The 1515 Treaty prompted the introduction of Portuguese arquebuses and shipwright knowledge in Brunei via Kota Batu. Bruneian gunsmiths & shipbuilders, known for their abilities, copied this knowledge from Portuguese traders and eventually produced their own matchlocks in Kota Batu named 'Ancala'. Bruneian soldiers now carry arquebuses & the keris in hand. However, the most revolutionary invention was perhaps the 'Mahawangsa' Warship, a nearly impenetrable warship the size of a European galleon (and eventually Man o Wars) made of tropical hardwoods, but its hulls and broadsides reinforced with the very durable Bornean Ironwood (Ulin). Combined with Bruneian lantaka & badil cannons, now with European cannon casting knowledge, manned with disciplined sailors and army, the ship is now a virtually indestructible warship that puts out high firepower. Approximately 50 of this warships were built under Bolkiah's orders, with the remaining warships being standard galleons armed with Bruneian cannons.

This led to Bruneian conquests of Sulu (after the failed assassination of the sultan in 1524) and its total annexation, and then total annexation of the island of Cebu and Singapala (after the Bruneian victory in the First Spanish-Bruneian War in 1565-1567 which saw Rajah Tupas siding with Brunei and Miguel López de Legazpi captured as POW and executed), which later culminating in the total Spanish defeat in the Castilian War in 1578. In return? Portugal gained a regional ally. Contemporary sultanates had mixed opinions, some ultraconservatives saw the Bruneian treaty as a 'betrayal' of the Islamic and Malay cause, while realists saw it as means to resist European expansion.

Through Italian explorer Antonio Pigafetta, Brunei discovered a huge 'mysterious' landmass in the east called ''Amrika' in European cartographies. Out of curiosity, Bolkiah sent approximately 5 galleons and 500 sailors in 1535 under the 'Semaun Expedition' to discover this hidden landmass full of silver and riches. On the way, Admiral Semaun III and the Bruneian sailors mapped and establish brief outposts in islands like Belau, Guam, Ujelang Atoll, etc., even establishing official contact with the T'ui Tonga Empire. Using the South Pacific Gyre, the expeditioners reached what is Waimiya Bay, in present day Autariya (Aotearoa), establishing a permanent settlement in Kota Mutiara Bahru (New Muara, location; OTL Nelson). They continued sailing east, reaching Sharif Ali Island (OTL Pitcairn), and finally, in 1542, reached what is OTL Viña del Mar, establishing a coastal fort city named 'Kota Di-Ujung-Timur' (City of the Far East), permanently establishing Bruneian Colony in South America under the 'Viceroyalty of New Brunei'. When the expeditioners reached Brunei back in 1546, Bolkiah immediately ordered the further explorations of New Brunei and with routes chartered, repeated voyages began. Immense riches of silver was soon found in region of southern Aunika (from the Tehuelche word 'Aónikenk) and not long enough, the Bruneian Empire was soon raking in riches, fueling its proto-industrialisation & modernisation.

Naturally, other sultanates like Tidore, Malacca, Banten, through trades with Bruneian traders and sailors, (which also indirectly gave them the revolutionary Bruneian shipwright & cannon casting knowledge), also became interested in this land called ''Amrika' and sent their own voyages to the east, eventually settling their own colonies such as in regions close to Peru, and Sungai Perak (OTL Rio de La Plata river), later also becoming rich from silver wealth and fueling their own advancements. As Incan refugees from the collapse of the Neo-Incan State in 1572 flee southwards into New Brunei, they also brought their intricate knowledge of irrigations and engineerings to the colony, to which the Bruneian colonial administration accepted under the condition they swore their loyalty on the sultan and conversion to Islam. Spain, embroiled in their own wars (Eighty Years War, Anglo-Spanish War) did not want to risk another war that could bankrupt their treasury, which led to the almost smooth colonisation of parts of south america by mentioned Suvarnasantaran powers. Due to these divergence, European attempts at expansion in Suvarnasantara were checked.

Expeditions to the west post-1579 were also conducted which saw the Bruneian Empire colonising and establishing tributaries/protectorates over islands like Dhivehi Raja (Maldives), Saqutra (Socotra), and even Pulau Cakrawala (Seychelles). Brunei also conquered several coastal cities in the northern Swahili Coast of OTL Kenya in an attempt to gain control over some lucrative trade routes. The signing of the Accord of Mecca in 1580 also led to Ottoman siege knowledge being acquired and adapted by Brunei, strengthening its land army.

In 1608, the Bruneian Empire and Ming Dynasty in China signed the Treaty of Mutual Trade and Commerce. This established a peer-to-peer trade with the Ming Dynasty. Brunei traded natural resources and industrial knowledge to Ming China, in exchange for precious Chinese silk, jewelleries, jade, and other ornaments. Consequently, this marked the start of the transformation of Ming Dynasty under the Wanli Emperor. Rather than going on a strike and disillusioned by the system after Zhang Juzheng's death, the Wanli Emperor decided to reform the Ming imperial system top-down. He re-established the post of the 'Grand Chancellor' (Prime Minister) which is voted by Chinese elites consisting of the mercantile class, nobles, and others and it depends on the emperor whether to officially appoint him or not. A proto-democratic parliament 'His Majesty's Court', that balances the voice of Chinese nobilities & the growing merchant class was also created.

Using the vast raw natural resources of northern China and southern China's growing trade wealth, Wanli Emperor initiated a mass 'proto-industrialisation', using the newly generated wealth to create an early version of the steam-run textile industry. The Ming Army was also transformed into a full-fledged fighting force, moving away from peasant concripts to an official armed force with paid wages, using armored cavalry with matchlocks rather than bows, and advanced cannons equipped on the Great Wall inspired by Ottoman tactics garnered from Bruneian trades. 'Special Imperial zones' are also opened in ports like Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, and Shanghai where merchants can freely trade which directly prospers China proper. Wanli Emperor also transformed the volatile Ming silver currency into a stable 'Imperial Silver', carefully minted with Chinese symbols; dragons or maybe with the face of current ruling emperor. He also centralised the imperial dynasty, creating an 'Imperial House of Ming' (or still; Ming Dynasty) under direct adherence to the Emperor with other members given titles akin to dukes, princes, marquess, etc.

This radical transformation led to the gradual growth of an industrialised and educated Chinese Middle Class (Mercantile-Class), especially in its port cities in Guangdong region. However, as they began to learn and be more educated politically, they gradually feel as if they're being misrepresented, as most wealth made by *THEIR* port cities are 'taken away' to Beijing and the north first before themselves. This made them resent the Ming which later, sparked a revolution.

From 1616-1619, Ming Guangdong saw a massive revolution by Hokkien Chinese and resentful merchants, led by an Ex-Ming Royalty revolted in the Pearl Delta Region (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan). Their aim was to pivot away from the overcentralisation on the Forbidden City, leaving little to no revenues for the Pearl Delta region, even though it is the main 'jewel' of the Ming Dynasty. Additionally, the Ming Dynasty was also distracted by the ever encroaching and rising Manchu Clans in Manchuria, and the Northern Yuan Dynasty.
In 1619, the last Ming Fortress there surrendered, and the first Emperor of the new Pearl Delta dynasty; Emperor Min Jingxù (Jingxù Emperor) (Bright Rising Sun) (r. 1619-1673) ascended the throne. However, subsequent emperors gradually lost their powers to the ever growing Guangdong merchant class, who entrenched themselves as oligarchic groups, in sectors like bankings, shipping, industries, and others, becoming merely a puppet to the very same oligarch Emperor Jingxu had build on in the revolution.

In 1636, a year after the Sakoku Edict, Brunei indirectly assisted the Satsuma Domain to revolt against the Tokugawa Shogunate, and using a triumvirate with Empress Meishō in Kyoto, toppled the shogunate in 1639. Ironically, Satsuma, being the main gateway of trade to the Japanese home islands, became a powerful maritime empire and became Brunei's thorn to the north; gaining Kyushu, Taiwan, conquering Shanghai against the still proto-industrialising Ming which was distracted against the northern Qing Empire, and conquered southern Joseon Korea. Japan, now under the restored Imperial authority, became Brunei's ally in the north and through the Kuroshiyo current, trade was established from Belau > Laguas > Nippon, gradually modernising Nippon-koku. Consequently, Nippon-koku diverts east, and eventually through previous knowledge of Hasekura Tsunenaga, colonised parts of North America especially in the west coast, with a permanent settlement in Shin-edo (New Edo, location OTL San Francsisco). Other countries like the Joseon Kingdom of Korea also colonised areas in Cascadia and Vancouver. The Qing themselves, after suffering a catastrophic defeat against the Ming in Shanhai Pass due to a barrage of Ming artilleries and advanced armored cavalry, retreated and instead try to solidify their hold on Manchuria only.

Additionally, due to the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, under chieftain Shakushain of Ainu-Mosir, he led a successful invasion of the Matsumae Clan, completely overwhelming them with pure numerical superiority. As industrial knowledge reached Ainu Mosir, Shakushain assumed control over the state and enact a war of unification in Yaunmosir (Hokkaido) against other warring tribes, using a locally made flintlock pistols, advanced cavalry tactics, and Tanegashima & Ancala arquebuses. By the mid-1640s, Yaunmosir was completely unified under the now King Shakushain I. He also prioritised the creation of a strong navy inspired by Nippon-koku's new naval force. By the late 1640s and early 1650s, he conquered Yankemosir (Sakhalin) and even the Kur Islands (Chishima present day). The temporary capital of Satporopet was moved to a newly built and more centralised location in Moi-kotan (shortened: Moiko(?), Moy - Bay, Kotan - town/village/city = Bay City?) in OTL Lake Nevskoye. With agricultural trade booming with Nippon, Ainu-Mosir's population experienced its own significant increase eventually reaching 2 million by the year 1725. Ainu-Mosir eventually became a maritime colonial empire who conquered a large portion of Kamchatka, and even established trading port towns in its colonial territory of southern Arasaka-Mosir (Alaska), trading with Korean Cascadia and Nippon west coast, although heavy competitions exist with the expanding Russian Empire which has established its own colonies in central and Northenr Alyaska.

In 1638, Brunei discovered established a colony in Luca Antara, landing on the island of Lutruwita before veering north and establishing the permanent settlement of Seri Intanapura (City of Jewels) (OTL Melbourne). Bruneian cartographers later shorten it to Lusantara. In the late 17th century, relations were also officially established with Ayuttahaya, which Brunei used to exchange Siamese agricultural knowledge (fueling an agricultural revolution) to fuel its growing population in exchange for advanced Bruneian knowledge in gunsmith and land warfare they obtained from the Ottomans. In 1731-1752, Suvarnasantara was involved in the Siamese War of Succession involving a majority of Suvarnasantaran nations with the main party being Prince Aphai (Supported by Brunei, Banten, Mataram, Tidore, Ternate, Malacca, Lan Xang, Kampuchea, Vietnamese Le Dynasty, Aceh) and Prince Phon (Supported by Burma, Banjar, Gowa, Maguindanao, small central Sumatran sultanates, and Champa Sultanate). Prince Aphai won, but Siam was forced to cede Tenasserim to Toungoo which occupied it throughout the war, some territories to Kampuchea and Lan Xang, and Suzerainty of Patani and Penang to Malaya. As Banjar lost the war, it was effectively neutered and forced to cede almost 90% of it territories to Brunei, making it an economically dependent nation to Brunei (leading to its eventual proper annexation to Brunei in 1798-99). Maguindanao was annexed into Brunei. Thus, this war was known locally as 'Bruneian War of Unification'. The sultanate of Tondo, previously independent of Brunei, was annexed peacefully. However, the royal families of these sultanates were not executed and instead, integrated into the Imperial House of Bolkiah and was brought to Seri Begawan.

In addition, what's more crucial is the 'Act of Unity' in 1801, in which the then-sultan Muhammad Tajuddin enacted a state-sanctioned national integration 'Bruneianism' (Kebruneian) in which no matter which part of the Bruneian Empire proper (Bumiputra Islands (?), Bumiputra people) (Baruna, Seludong, Belau) you are, either from Seri Begawan, Santubong, Banjar, Tanjungpura, Kutai, Seludong Islands (or if you are Dusun, Kadazan, Iban, Melanau, Banjarese, Tondoese, etc), you are considered 'Bumiputra' or 'Bruneian' under one Bruneian nation & you receive proper equal citizenship, these gave the formerly 'conquered' and 'warring' peoples in the Bruneian Empire a stake of success in the empire, no matter your ethnicities. Everyone is 'Malay'. Everyone have equal rights in education, merit-based meritocratic civil service, military, rights, and wages. The standardization and enforcement of the 'Standard Imperial Malay' (Brunei Malay Dialect (Jawi)) were also universally taught in Bruneian public schools. Formerly 'regional languages' obviously survived and officially recognised as variants and dialects of the Standard Imperial Malay language, making almost the entirety of the population 'bilingual'.  For example, people from the Bruneian Empire speaks 'Imperial Malay', and Bruneian, Banjarese, Tondoese (eg, if they're from Seri Begawan, Seri Mahkota, Banjarmasin) are just 'dialects' of the same language. Universal conscription also puts young men from different cities (mentioned above) into the same ironclad naval crew & regiment. They bleed under the same flag, shattering tribal isolation and forging a fierce, collective patriotism. New generations are born as and are rightfully 'Bruneian'.

The American Revolution in 1776 shook Brunei however, as it itself is expanding its own colonies in New Brunei. Brunei, out of respect for its pragmatic ally Britain, (and fear of domino effect to its own colonies) did not establish official relations nor recognise it for almost two decades before gradually opening up and officially opening strictly trade relations with the newborn nation in 1792.

In the Napoleonic Wars, Brunei assisted the Ottoman Empire & Britain against Napoleon in Egypt, using it as a way to gain suzerainty over Egyptian ports, paving a way of Bruneian annexation of Egypt, before it was officialised in the 1830s after the Muhammad Ali Pasha Rebellion, making Egypt Brunei's protectorate as Brunei justified it as a way to 'stabilise Egypt for the sake of International trade'. Eventually, Brunei and France reached a joint venture to build the Suez Canal.

As decades passed, the Bruneian Empire became one of the great powers of the world. Using the riches of the silver from New Brunei, Brunei fuels its own industrialisation and modernisation which of course, prompted other Suvarnasantaran states too. At its peak in the 19th century, the Bruneian Empire holds a massive armada of ironclads in the Royal Brunei Navy, easily becoming a peer of the British Empire's Royal Navy. From 1815-1914, for 99 years the Bruneian Empire's "Pax Varunica" (named after the Hindu God Varuna, God of the Seas) and Britain's "Pax Britannica" dictate global terms with their equally massive navies.

For instance; the Scramble for Africa was pecefully solved in the Istanbul Conference in 1884-85, with Brunei gaining Egypt (through the transfer of suzerainty of egypt from ottoman to brunei during Muhammad Ali's defeat in 1830s) (joint control of Suez with France & Britain), Sudan, Kenya, and Uganda (and to an extent Jubaland), with Britain gaining South Africa, Rhodesia, Bechuanaland, Malawi, and several other West African colonies. Other Suvarnasantaran, Arunabumi (East Asia; Aruna [Reddish glow of rising sun] + Bumi [Land] = Land of the Rising Sun) nations also got a piece of Africa. Brunei also experienced the 'Great Restoration' or 'Saifuddin Restoration' in which Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II enacted a Great Purge in 1832 of corrupt business elites dominating Brunei's political landscape in favour of their own profits. State-promoted capitalism ensued before businesses (now multinational global conglomerates) were slowly privatised but subsidized by the government. The 1832 Saifuddin Constitution was also written. Under the sultan, Brunei developed its first connected railway system running on coal, circling the island of Baruna from Seri Begawan > Kota Kinabalu > Lahad Datu > Kutai > Saranjana > Banjarmasin > Tanjungpura > Santubong and back. Telegraph lines were also built. The Seludong Islands were also not left behind by this development as a trans-seludong telegraph lines were also built and welfare in urban and rural areas rose.

Bruneian colonial expansion also saw a rapid rise under Saifuddin's reign from 1828-1896. For example other than New Brunei (Aunika) in South America, Brunei also established protectorates over Oman, Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (or more accurately Qasimid State), areas around OTL Qatar, Bahrain, Trucial States, Kuwait, and even the permanent establishment of Bruneian bases in Musandam Peninsula which remained to this day. Additionally, T'ui Tonga was also officially made a Bruneian protectorate in 1831. In 1868, Brunei also signed the Treaty of Tidorejaya in which Brunei, Empire of Japan, and Papua effectively split up Varunendra Mahasagara into their respective spheres of influence, where Brunei dominates the southern ocean while Japan dominates the north, Papua gains Micronesia, Kepulauan Sulaiman (Solomon Islands), and Nauru.

Additionally, after repeated negotiations with the Ottoman Empire, the Ottomans finally decided to leave the Hejaz in 1910-1911 to the more stable Levant & Mesopotamian regions, and enact temporary Bruneian suzerainty over the Hejaz. This includes the Sharifate of Mecca which was led by Hussein bin Ali. The sharifate received considerable amount of aid from its fellow muslim nation, Brunei, which was used to expand the Hejaz Railway, expand the sharifate's military capabilities, and developments agricultural, social, and urban alike. In 1916, the Kingdom of Hejaz, now a strong but still developing power in Arabia, achieved independence from the Bruneian Empire initially under Brunei supervision. These developments led to Kingdom of Hejaz under Hussein bin Ali, being able to outmanouever its rival, the Saudis (Third Saudi State) using more advanvced & equipped cavalries and mechanized warfare (ie Armored cars) as it is explicitly supported by the Bruneian Empire. Riyadh was eventually captured by the Hejaz forces in 1925, leading to Ibn Saud fleeing into exile. Arabia (not the peninsula obv, Arabia as in what composed of OTL Saudi Arabia) was then united in 1927-1928 after subsequent annexation of the Rashidi Emirate, Al-Jawf, Najran, Nejd, and the Rub Al-Khali (divided between Hashemites & Bruneian protectorate of Oman & Yemen). The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz soon was officially renamed to the Hashemite Kingdom of Arabia under the leadership of King Hussein bin Ali with its capital in Mecca, and economic capital in Jeddah. This not only prevented the rise of Saudis, but also prevented the export and rise of Wahhabism, a radical interpretation of Islam.

Brunei also discovered oil in 1902, paving way for massive revenues and state-sponsored construction of infrastructures, welfares, military and eventual creation of the Royal Bruneian Oil Company.

However, the two 'Pax' ended in 1914 when rge First World War erupted between the Central Powers (main: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Siamese Empire, Empire of China (Ming), Empire of Bharat (Maratha Dynasty)) and the Sovereign Entente (main: Britain, France, Brunei, Russia, Japan, Toungoo Empire, US (later)). Despite the Entente's victory, it is clear that the interwar peace is temporary, as Brunei is embroiled in the Ternatean War of Independence and so does Japan against the Ainuan Revolution in Yankemosir/Karafuto, Britain in Ireland, losing an integral part of their territories, accompanied with the rise of communism in Russia via the Russian Revolution. The Second World War then erupted and mainland Suvarnasantara was occupied by the now fascist 'Chinese State' and 'State of Bharat', with Brunei becoming a constant target of intense bombing especially in Seri Begawan and Seri Mahkota. However, with the help of its allies Java, Papua, and Japan (which itself was bombed), European allies, the USSR, & the US, the Axis of Evil (Germany, China, Bharat, Italy) was defeated. The United Nations was then created with its primary Security Council being six permanent members; US, USSR (later Russia), Brunei, Britain, France, and Japan.

As the Cold War began, Brunei was part of the Pacific Treaty Organisation (PATO), an anti-Soviet bloc headed by the US with US military bases in PATO nations. As to not be totally dependent on the US' Marshall Plan, Brunei, Britain, France, Burma, and Japan all decided to form an exclusively (initially) economic bloc called the Pan-Eurasian Economic Community in 1952, while relying on American military muscle (as a Cold War insurance policy lol). In 1956, Brunei experienced a sorta 'wake-up call' as Gemal Abdel Nasser's regime nationalised the Suez Canal, Brunei's attempt to use hard power by sending the battleship RBN Saifuddin, a sister ship of the RBN Bolkiah (considered largest at the time just above the IJN Yamato, around ~76,000 full-load displacement) to the Red Sea as an attempt of show of force (indirectly supported by Britain, France, and Japan as they are afraid of 'domino' anti-colonialism effects on their own colonies) to make Nasser yield. However, economic threats and intense Soviet veto forced Brunei to yield instead, pulling back their forces. Realisation hits; the term 'Power' had changed, and Brunei knows it.

By the 60s-80s, Brunei shifted to extensive soft power efforts by using its global multinational conglomerates to export consumer products globally. These conglomerates are known as the *Tujuh Serangkai*, being: **Muara Automotive Industries** (exporting efficient, reliable, and modern cars and vehicles via its own and its subsidiaries; Bermuara, Samudra, and Gerhana), **Royal Brunei Shipyards** (exporting commercial ships, producing submarines, cruisers, battlecruisers), **Dillennia Suffruticosa** (consumer technologies, smartphones, etc), **Bimasakti Avionics Industry** (airplanes, aviation engineeringc aerospace engineering), **Semaun Corporation** (military hardware, military vehicles, tanks, artilleries, weaponeries etc.), **Darussalam Financial Centre** (Banks, investments abroad, etc), **Royal Brunei Oil Company** (RBOC; oil drilling, oil industry, etc). These conglomerates currently export products globally especially to its PETO allies and third world countries. However, they are heavily competing with Japan's Zaibatsu, American conglomerates, and now the newly rising Chinese and Indian companies. Brunei, through engines & chassis from Muara & weaponeries from Semaun Corp. also built their own MBTs, artilleries, military vehicles, and planes (thru bimasakti). One of the most renowned MBT Brunei is using now is the Panthera Leo VI (colloquially known as Raja Singa tank series), sixth generation since 2025. Its PETO allies mainly in Suvarnasantara (like Java, Papua, Malaya, Aceh) also used these tanks (export-grade), while its PETO allies in Arunabumi (East Asia) like Joseon Korea, Manchuria, uses Japanese-made tanks and to an extent, Korean ones. Mainland Suvarnasantara almost majority of them uses Burmese made MBTs, though Dai Viet is a unique case as it uses Brunei's, Burmese, and Japan's.

In addition, through the 1949-1957 Bruneian Nuclear Programs, Brunei successfully became a nuclear power in 1957 after a successful nuclear test nicknamed 'Antariksa' in the Bruneian dominion of Eastern Lusantara, in the Lusantaran Outback. By 2026, Brunei has around 325 nuclear warheads all fully deployed across Bruneian territories.

Decolonisation still hits though, as Sudan, Kenya, Uganda, Oman, Kuwait, and other colonies like Autariya, Fiji, Kingdom of Tonga & East Lusantara all declared independence from the Bruneian Empire. Autariya, East Lusantara, and Aunika (formerly New Brunei) is a unique case as they still identifies themselves closely with the Varunasphere (Bruneisphere) despite being independent, with mutual economic assistance, mutual political ambitions, and etc. Mutawakkilite Yemen, which was a protectorate under Brunei also became an independent kingdom as a whole, and due to being one of the countries with the entrance of the Red Sea, Yemen decided to establish themselves the primary economic hub of the Gulf of Aden through its port city in Aden, pioneering modernisation of its army and social welfare.

The Ottoman Empire, now the (Sublime) Ottoman State, due to their neutrality in WW1 & WW2, survived the wars and have their monarchy intact. Ottoman Balkans (Balkan Wars still ensued but this time Ottomans ain't involved) also achieved independence early in the late-19th and early-20th centuries after they realised that holding to an ethnically diverse region would spell doom on the state. Under Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the Ottomans retain their control over Anatolia, eastern Aegean Islands (Crete was soon given back to Greece), Syria, Levant, & Mesopotamia. Economic & social developments ensued. The Istanbul-Damascus-Al-Quds-Baghdad Railway was finished which improved transportation and trade, and social reforms under 'Ottomanism' also achieved considerable successes throughout the state. However, some parts did not achieve success of the social reforms as Georgia & Armenia declared independence (peacefully) in the 1920s in favour of a more self-governing autonomy, but that was proven to be a mistake as the Russian Revolution spilt through the newly born unstable states and was annexed in the USSR.

Brunei's pop culture such as the unique genre of music 'Begawan Allure', and Brunei's own rising 'Animasi' are also competing for pop culture dominance in the world stage, which is currently dominated and overshadowed by the Joseon Kingdom of Korea's own 'Hallyu' exports, renowned Japanese animes and music, and American Hollywood, making Brunei's pop culture an underground niche amongst totally dedicated fans of the film and music industries.

Its capital city: Seri Begawan, located in and around the Begawan Bay, is a bustling metropolis consisting of 45 milion people, with multiple high rises and skyscrapers. Seri Begawan wasn't built in day, as from 1550-1896, started by Sultan Bolkiah the Great and with consistent efforts, the swamps and marshlands around Begawan Bay were dried and its tiny rivers were rerouted using intricately made canals. Dried up marshlands were then filled up by hard labour via the use of soil from the nearby Temburong hills and the hills surrounding it to make room for urbanisation and new residential and commercial blocks. Efforts significantly quicken too as trade with Nippon-koku was officially established in 1636-1638, leading to the Japanese knowledge of 'umetatechi' (land reclamation) spreading to Brunei. Seri Begawan isn't a single city, however, as it is a collection of cities made up together to form what we now know as 'Seri Begawan' or 'Seri Begawan Metropolitan Area', ruled by an elected Governor (*Pehin*), and each city is governed by an elected mayor. Cities include: Senandika (OTL Gadong, Commercial city, featuring HQs for Dillennia and etc.), Asmaraloka (residential, office and commercial city known for its scenic bay view, full of hotels and residents facing the Begawan Bay sunset), Kota Batu (old seat of the sultanate, featuring preserved 16th century buildings), Bumantara (OTL Limbang, seat of parliament and office buildings), Perantara (OTL Bangar, also the place where the Imperial House of Bolkiah is living currently), Jumantara (OTL Lawas), Darul Ihsan (OTL Muara Main Port City, a bustling port city for Seri Begawan), Sapitang (OTL Sipitang), Sahmura (OTL Jerudong) and Darul Rizq (OTL Kuala Penyu).

In terms of transportation, the Sultanate of Brunei is connected by a fast high speed rail of maglev trains around and throughout Baruna Island, and around the Seludong Islands via undersea tunnels. Opened in 1960, the trains are officially known as the *Samudra Raya*. As Japan rules over the island of Taiwan, proposals are being made whether to connect the two cities of Takao and Rajapura together, acting as the ultimate beacon of cooperation and unity between the two countries via the Shinkansen-Samudra hypothetical line. However, major fault lines and earthquakes prove that this plan is nothing more than a pipe dream for now.

However, as perfect as it seems, the Sultanate of Brunei of course has it flaws; workaholism, strict discipline, and a looming fear of economic stagnation is felt inside the sultanate. Despite having 275 million people, due to the ever increasing high cost of living and standards of living, the population of Brunei is slowly stagnating as many more young people are prioritising education, jobs, or even unmarried at all.

The Sultanate of Brunei is also a constitutional monarchy with the current 29th sultan; Hassanal Bolkiah (Bolkiah II) on the throne as the head of state, while a prime minister (head of government) is elected every 5 years through the Majlis Mesyuarat Agong. However, Article 5 of the 1832 Saifuddin Constitution still in place today explicitly stated that,"The Sultan has the absolute authority to control the army and navy, appoint the Prime Minister, and operate independently of the legislature when needed." But, this clause has never been actually put into use today, with the recent one being in the Second World War.

As of 2026AD / 1448H, the Sultanate of Brunei stands proud underneath the crest of the sacred Mount Akinabalu as the world's 4th largest economy globally just behind the Republic of Bharat (India) but just slightly above Japan (Nippon-koku). Its armed forces are the 5th strongest in the world just below Bharat (again), but is heavily competing with Myanmar, Japan, Germany, France and the UK. The currency; the Bruneian Pitis (ℙ) is one of the strongest globally today. The spirits of Akinabalu continue to bless the empire of the naga against the ever growing competition with the American eagle & Chinese dragon.

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🇮🇩 **UNITED KINGDOM OF GREATER JAVA**
The United Kingdom of Greater Java was formed in 1781 after Banten and Mataram decided to unite under the Treaty of the Two Kingdoms, with Sultan Aliyuddin I of Banten assuming the throne after marrying a Mataram princess, and the capital city moved to Surakarta, the former seat of the Mataram Sultanate. The two families merged to form the Royal House of Surosawan-Hamengkubuwono. The union was formed to counter the ever growing power of the Bruneian Empire in the 18th century. Their history goes far back however, as in 1598 Treaty of Bandung, Mataram and Banten agreed to be pragmatic allies and split Java 50/50 by the Cirebon Sultanate and conquering it, and to counter the looming shadow of Brunei & the then Banjarese behemoth of southern Baruna. The riches from 'Amrika fueled the modernisation of Banten & Mataram heavily.

In the year 1605, the Gowan Sultanate, now modernised similarly like the Bruneian Empire, ambushed a group of Dutch expeditioners near Ambon Island who seeked to conquer the island for its valuable spices. The Dutch warships were utterly decimated by the immense broadsides from the Gowan Navy, leading to casualties like Steven van der Hagen while remaining ships flee. Under new leadership of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, he tried to avenge the Dutch loss 14 years prior by attempting to conquer Sunda Kelapa and build a new fort for the VOC known as 'Batavia'. However, instead of facing a disorganized army, as he landed near the coast, a fleet of Imperial Bantenese Navy from the sea and disciplined Royal Mataram Army from the land caught them off guard and they were ambushed. Dutch ships were obliterated and their troops were in disarray. Coen was killed in action, making Batavia just a mere pipe dream of the VOC. The VOC soon shifted focus and transitioned away to mainly in the West India Company.

Banten & Mataram soon united into the 'United Kingdoms of Banten & Mataram' in 1781 before officially renaming to 'Empire of Java'.
After expanding significantly through the Siamese War of Succession, annexing southern Sumatra, Nusa Tenggara, and West Lusantara, it consolidated its hold on the island of Madagascar, making the Kingdom of Merina its protectorate as well as conquering Malayan Catembe (OTL Maputo) in the southern Swahili coast. However, it lost its southern Andean colony after it revolted in the 1830s. Later it colonised the south Antarctic islands of Kanjeng Ratu Kidul.

Java soon became a strong maritime power in Mahasagara Ratnakara, often referred to as the undisputed 'Ruler of Ratnakara'. However, WW1 brought significant friction inside the kingdom, which later brought to the War of Independence of east Nusa Tenggara (1929-1934) in the midst of the Great Depression. WW2 brought significant nationalist movements across the former Javanese Empire, later bringing upon independence on the Kingdom of Merina, Republic of Katembe, and even West Lusantara. Despite initial reluctance to join the PEEC, it eventually joined the alliance in 1951 as tensions grew significantly between NATO/PATO & the Comintern, especially as Java itself was devastated by the war.

West Lusantara eventually gained independence in 1952, however, a communist revolution (West Lusantara Revolution of 1958) saw the newly independent republic toppled. This led to multiple attempts of counter-revolution by Pro-republican forces supported by Java and the United States. The People's Republic of West Lusantara held their ground, before eventually in 1996, peacefully transitioned to democracy as Soviet support ceased.

As of 2026, the United Kingdom of Greater Java remains a strong regional military and economic power. It holds the world's Top 10 largest navy globally positioning itself at the ninth spot and holding a modest land army; the Royal Javanese Army. The rise of consumerism led to Java to transition to economic and technological dominance as it become one of the primary supplier of semiconductors for its PETO allies and third world countries, just above Italy. The United Kingdom of Greater Java has a population of over 201 million people today.

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🇵🇬 **SULTANATE OF GREAT PAPUA**
The Sultanate of Great Papua initially started as the Sultanate of Tidore, a fierce rival of the former Sultanate of Ternate. As news arrived from Bruneian merchants about a land far east named 'Amrika, Tidore sent several expeditions to the east and eventually settled along the Desaguadero and Beni river, surrounding Lake Titicaca. The extensive mineral deposits of tin, copper, and silver immediately fueled the rise of the Tidorese Empire.

Instead of fighting a war of attrition against Ternate & Gowa, Tidore instead expanded eastward and gradually solidify its control over the island of Papua, establishing a more central and safer capital in Tidorejaya. Tidore later renamed to the 'Sultanate of Great Papua'. In the late-18th to mid-19th century, Papua sought out extensive colonisation efforts especially in Central Lusantara, Kepulauan Sultan Alauddin Syah (Micronesia), and even a brief short war against the Sultanate of Malaya in 1869, in which they captured the northern Swahili coast in present day Tanzania. However, this also lead to some horrid colonial expansion saw in history, as the Papuan colonial forces in Central Lusantara repeatedly used force to put down any anti-colonial aboriginal forces in the central Lusantaran Outback.

The Partition of Ternate in 1850 between Brunei, Java, and Papua after the Singapura Crisis saw Papua finally annexing the city of Ternate, it's enemy, for good. However, the Ternatean War of Independence post-ww1 (1919-1925) saw Papua handing over control over Ternate Lama back to the newly independent Ternatean Republic.

Despite trying to maintain neutrality, the State of Bharat's unexpected bombardments of Papuan East Africa saw the nation getting dragged back into war on the side of the Allies. Mainland Papua did not receive any direct attack from the Axis forces, although some Chinese submarines do often sneak in the Seludong Sea & Sea of Tidore and sank multiple Papuan commercial & military ships.

Papua eventually joined the PEEC in 1957 after the Suez Crisis, fearing domino effect to its colony in East Africa (Tanzania). Central Lusantara eventually gained independence in 1961. In 1970, the Papuan government officially gave a formal apology at the violent aboriginal crackdowns during the centuries long skirmishes in the Lusantaran Outback in an attempt for reconciliation.

As of 2026, the Sultanate of Great Papua is a modest economic and military power, serving as the eastern gateway of Suvarnasantara, with Tidorejaya becoming a central hub for commercial ships passing by on the way to the continent. Papua relies heavily on Bruneian heavy manufacturing and exports, though, although Papua do export pristine natural minerals and resources to them. As of 2026, the Sultanate of Great Papua has a population of over 187 million people.

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🇹🇭 **SIAMESE REPUBLIC**
The Republic of Siam was once a mighty empire headed by the Ayutthaya Dynasty (Ayutthaya Empire). Industrialisation spread to the empire through the 1662 Bruneian-Ayutthaya Treaty of Mutual Recognition. After being forced to cede Tenasserim to Toungoo, Battambang to Kampuchea, Lan Chang to Lan Xang, and Pattani to Malaya (then Malacca) in 1752, Siamese Revanchism rose drastically.

The Siamese Wars of Reunification that took place from 1838-1849, saw the Empire of Ayutthaya conquering Lan Xang and Kampuchea as a whole, with a pragmatic alliance with the Nguyen Dynasty of Dai Viet (Mekong Delta given to them). Toungoo Empire didn't intervene due to being embroiled in a war of their own (Toungoo-Acehnese Wars). Brunei didn't intervene as they are not interested in wasting their resources and treasury on pointless wars in mainland Suvarnasantara, as long as Ayutthaya doesn't threaten them at sea and not threaten the flow of global trade, they will not bid an eye to Siamese territorial expansion.

Ayutthaya did not really expand into Africa, deciding to only colonise the small ports of Cheboutee (Djibouti) (as a way to not get left behind in colonial efforts & partially control entrance to Red Sea).

As WW1 started, the Ayutthaya Empire joined the side of the Central Powers with Germany, Austria-Hungary, Empire of China & Bharat. Under Operation Tropical Storm, the Ayutthayan Army achieved initial success, pushing Malaya until they reached a few kilometres from Melaka, and a hundred kilometres away from Johor Bahru, and even conquering Tenasserim & Mekong Delta. Hanoi was also easily conquered through the help of China. However, as reinforcements from Brunei, Java, and Papua began to pour into the mainland, the frontlines began to stagnant and soon, it devolved into trench warfare. Java joined the Sovereign Entente as per the 1799 agreement in which Brunei, Java, and Ayutthaya agreed that Malaya & Aceh shall be considered neutral as to prevent neither sides to totally have control over the Strait of Melaka, and with Ayutthaya invading Malaya, it provided the casus belli for Java to go to war against Ayutthaya.

The situation worsens by 1917 as Bruneian blockades of Gulf of Siam and food shortages caused massive unrests in multiple cities of the empire. Chinese forces, despite holding numerical superiority, due to having outdated advancements and largely agrarian, also failed to break through the Toungoo fortifications near the Yunnan Mountains. Soon, as American aids began to pour in, the frontlines began to move against the direction of the Central Powers. China, already dealing with massive instability and the advancing Manchurian Empire (Qing Dynasty) forces, signed a white peace with the Entente (and later a republican revolution toppled the centuries-old Ming Dynasty). Ayutthaya eventually surrendered in 1919, ceding massive territories such as the independence of Lan Xang & Kampuchea (but retaining Lan Chang & Battambang) and its colony in Cheboutee. The Ayutthaya Monarchy was also toppled in favour of a democratic republic. Siam was crippled.

As the 1930s approaches, Siam began a slow recovery and rebuilding. Despite the initial successes of fascism in China & Bharat, Siam largely remained unaffected as fascist movements were suppressed and supports remained a minority of the population as most were tired of war. However, WW2 plunged the entire country into war again, although this time at the side of the allies. Siam was made a puppet state of China as the Chinese forces advanced and swept through mainland Suvarnasantara. Nevertheless, Siam was liberated during Operation Eternal Glory where Bruneian, American; and Javanese forces liberated Ayutthaya (city) in 1945.

The post-war situation left Siam economically crippled. Despite initial reluctance to join the PEEC, it eventually joined the alliance in 1955. Siam gradually recovers and by 2026, Siam is a militarily & economically strong country in Suvarnasantara. As one of the main agricultural producer of the continent, Siam is known as the 'Golden Granary of Suvarnasantara' as the country is the Top Three exporter of rice & grains in the continent, having over 55% of agricultural exports. The Republic of Siam is also one of the main international vocals of Pacifism on the global stage, evident by its recent condemnation of the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. Siam also has a population of 132 million people.

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🇲🇲 **FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF MYANMAR**
The Federal Republic of Myanmar was originally known as the Toungoo Empire, or more formally; the Empire of Myanmar. After Brunei signed the Treaty of Mutual Recognition with Ayutthaya in 1662, agricultural, modernisation, and intellectual thoughts spread through mainland Suvarnasantara; including Myanmar. From 1664-1669, Emperor Pindale enacted a 'Toungoo Restoration' which centralised the Toungoo State, established a more permanent and disciplined army inspired by Ottoman siege knowledges taken from Brunei, alongside the replacement of war elephants to a more sophisticated armed cavalry using horses. Hluttaw, the current parliament of the Federal Republic of Myanmar, was created during this restoration. Additionally, since the Ming Dynasty itself was modernising (hence stable) through trades with Brunei & is involved in the newly independent and hostile Neo-Nanyue Kingdom in Guangdong, the Mings never fell and so does subsequent Ming refugees who flee to Myanmar and destabilised the state, never happened.

Additionally, disloyal rebels and conspirators, including his brother; Prince Pye Min who planned to coup him, their plans were uncovered and thwarted, leading to their imprisonment for life. Emperor Pindale also began the massive construction of the 'Navy of the Green Peafowl' to challenge the centuries-old dominance of Aceh over the Hanuman Sea. He had also relocated the capital to Inwa, as a more strategic and central location rather than the frontline city Toungoo. One of his significant acts is the signing of the Toungoo-Ayutthaya Treaty of Non-Aggression in 1666 in which both sides agreed to not to attack each other while they are busy with their own domestic or colonial ambitions.

During the Siamese War of Succession (1731-1752), although Myanmar was on the losing side of the war, due to the strength of the Burmese Army, Myanmar managed to hold its ground and even occupied Tenasserim & almost reached the Siamese capital; Ayutthaya, before Bruneian & Javanese forces arrived to reinforce the frontlines. Despite their candidate; Prince Phon, failed to secure the throne, the sheer strength of Burmese capabilities made them *gained* territores instead of losing one; ie Tenasserim. They had also gained the former Siamese coastal colonial port of Berbera in Somaliland.

During the Toungoo-Acehnese Wars (1822-1848), the Toungoo Empire easily defeated the Acehnese colonial empire in fronts like the island of Seri Langka, Andaman Islands, Hanuman Sea, and even the Dhaka Plains with the help of the Maratha Empire which itself was conquering the industrialised (but declining Vijayanegara Kingdom southwards). One of the best example is during the Battle of Hanuman Sea in 1840, Aceh severely underestimated the Navy of the Green Peafowl, and was immediately crushed by the more modern and overwhelming firepower of the Toungoo Navy. Subsequently, this led to the loss of Acehnese Andaman Islands and effectively ended Aceh's reign over the Hanuman Sea.

In WW1, the Toungoo Empire joined the Sovereign Entente to counter the Empire of Siam and its revanchist attempts. Due to having mountainous borders with the Maratha Empire & Empire of China, Burma was abled to hold their ground and managed to stalemate Siam in to a trench warfare. As Siam surrendered in 1919, Burma emerged as one of the victors of the global war. However, the sheer horror of modern mechanized warfare & fatigue of trench warfare & the destruction it brought led to the Burmese economy and military severely damaged by the war. During the Great Depression, Burma successfully quelled the rise of fascism, unlike China & Bharat.

During WW2 however, the Empire of Burma had thought that the great 'Pindale Line' that fortified the borders between Burma & China stretching to Bharat would be impenetrable. However, Burma severely underestimated the eastern plains of Suvarnasantara, as instead of marching right through, Chinese Forces blitz through the 'impenetrable' jungles of Lan Xang, Northern Dai Viet, and northern Siam, catching the Burmese off guard near Chiang Mai & Chiang Rai. Burma eventually surrendered and was made a puppet state of the State of Bharat with the Toungoo royal family put as the puppet ruler. Under Operation Golden Peafowl, Javanese & Papuan (alongside American) forces landed in Yangon & accompanied with Operation Eternal Glory in Siam, liberated Burma for good from the Axis. However, despite the Royal Family being reinstated post-war, the Burmese masses eventually voted for a full federal republic in the 1948 votings, seeing them as complicit of the fall of Burma & being no more than a puppet ruler for the Axis. Burma now became the Federal Republic of Myanmar.

In 1952, Myanmar became one of the founding members of the PEEC. With cooperative assistance and aid from other PEEC members, Myanmar quickly rebuilt from the ashes of the war. Using exports of heavy industries and luxury industry, Myanmar became one of the largest economy in Suvarnasantara by 2026, acting as the 'Main Guardian of mainland Suvarnasantara' with its large Land Army, considered the largest land force in Suvarnasantara, with Brunei being second. Through its nuclear programs from 1956-1964, Myanmar officially became a nuclear power and as of 2026, holds over 295 functioning & maintained nuclear warheads. Just as maritime Suvarnasantara is protected under the Bruneian nuclear umbrella, Myanmar acts as the main nuclear umbrella for the mainland.

As of 2026, Myanmar has a population of over 146 million people and the Top 15 economy globally through its heavy industry machinery exports and luxury exports. Naturally, capital city like Inwa, and other bustling cities like Taungoo, Taunggyi, Yangon & the northernmost; Imphal, became one of the many tourist hotspots in the republic. You can experience authentic Burmese history with the traditional buildings in Inwa intact, while a few minutes walk awya from it in the city would make you see towering skyscrapers of modern Burmese society.

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🇲🇾 **SULTANATE OF MALAYA**
The Sultanate of Malaya initially started as the prominent Sultanate of Malacca which grew in influence as the Majapahit Empire declined. However, in 1511, an unexpected invasion occurred. Portuguese invaders suddenly captured and conquered the Malaccan Sultanate capital; Melaka. What's more shocking was that, the Sultanate of Brunei to its east, which they had helped in a war of independence against the Majapahit, had signed a pragmatic alliance treaty in 1515 which they saw as a betrayal of not only Islam, but for the Malay cause. Malacca then moved their capital temporarily to Johor Bahru, starting the Johor Sultanate period.

However, in 1580, Portugal was embroiled in the Portuguese Succesion War between Pro-Philip & Pro-Crato forces, meaning, Melaka was vulnerable to counterinvasions and isolated politically & economically. As Philip II (Philip I of Portugal) achieved victory over the Pro-Crato forces, former Portuguese colonies are now controlled by the Council of Portugal, which answers to the Spanish/Iberian Crown.
Consequently, when Spanish Overseers arrived in Malacca, the Portuguese Governor and multiple Portuguese Monarchists and Loyalists refused to accept 'foreign' or Spanish sovereignty even under threat, leading to massive riots and mutinies by Portuguese forces in the city. But, without support, they were captured and crushed fairly quickly.

The Portuguese Loyalist Officers dubbed 'Loyalists' who successfully escaped capture claimed that they had rather "return Malacca to the Malays than to give it away to the wretched Spaniards". Not long after in 1580, the Loyalists contacted their longtime ally; Brunei to drive the Spanish out of Malacca. Sultan Abdul Kahar agrees. Johor also saw this as an opportunity to reclaim their rightful homeland, but, they did not yet have the manpower and adequate firepower to do so. Just as all hopes seem lost, the then-Bruneian Empire unexpectedly approached the Sultanate of Johor.

In 1581, Sultan Abdul Kahar sent a Bruneian Ambassador to approach the Malacca Sultanate and propose the Recapture of Melaka from the Spanish. However, the Johor Sultanate, still suspicious on Brunei especially since it allied with the Portuguese, received them with caution. Nonetheless, Brunei relieved them of their suspicions by offering a tempting proposition: Brunei offers to lend Johor Ancala Arquebuses (Bruneian-made arquebuses based off the renowned Portuguese matchlock) weapons, alongside advanced Bruneian Hybrid Shipwright techniques (not necessarily Mahawangsa warships, but the warships based off European design but made with tropical hardwoods and local made advanced cannons) Brunei learnt from the Portuguese, but repurposed for the Tropics. In exchang, that in future endeavours or Bruneian ventures, Johor shall remain neutral as long as it doesn't involve Johor, and Brunei will guarantee Johor's neutrality against any encroaching powers. Johor accepts.

An influx of Bruneian merchants & shipwrights soon arrived in Johor Bahru. There, Johorese shipwrights began reverse-engineering Bruneian warships (not Mahawangsa obv) and combined it to make the 'Malacca Galleon', a galleon warship made of Johorean teak & tropical hardwood (non-bornean ironwood) with Portuguese/Bruneian rigging and iron casted broadside cannons. Johor Army (land force) was also trained rigorously by Bruneian advisors throughout 1581-1582. The *1582 Treaty of Indrapura* between the Sultanate of Johor & Aceh Darussalam (mediated by Brunei) had also been signed which promised that after Malacca's recapture, Johor won't encroach into Sumatra, in exchange for Aceh not interfering in the Malayan Peninsula, ending the decades old Triangular War. By late-1583, the Johorese Army & Navy was ready to strike.

In early 1584, the Johor Army & Navy strikes Spanish Malacca. The Johorese Navy blockaded the city preventing any reinforcements alongside bombarding Spanish positions. Spanish Forces there expected that their Portuguese 'Ally' would assist them, only for the Portuguese Loyalists to open the gates to A Famosa, destroying the Spanish Forces there. **After a grueling 29 days siege, the Spanish Forces there surrendered to the Johor Sultanate, finally ending 72 years of European Occupation there.** The Johor Sultanate, having the more strategic and bustling capital in Johor Bahru, didn't relocate their capital back to Melaka, turning it just into Cultural Capital. Sultan Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II, better known as Sultan Shah II 'the Liberator', the Sultan of Johor at the time, proclaimed the 'Sultanate of Malaya' to rename the Sultanate of Malacca & Sultanate of Johor to a more inclusive name, a symbolic change for a new era of Malay Sovereignty, free from the grueling past. The Portuguese, having assisted the Johorese in the reconquest of the city, ironically gained a trading partner in the region and is welcomed to trade there.

As the world approaches the 17th century, news spread to Malaya that many maritime Suvarnasantara sultanates are establishing outposts and settling new cities in this new land named ''Amrika'. Inspired by how Gowa and Banten & Mataram decimated and repelled the Dutch Invasion and how Portugal profitted greatly from being a trading empire, Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah III 'the Conqueror' established the state-sponsored 'Kesatuan Ratnakara Malaya' (Malayan Ratnakara Company / KRM) in 1624 with aim to establish coastal city forts to control lucrative trade routes.

Expeditions soon started first to the east to not get behind the colonisation of Amrika, and Malayan sailors arrived in the mouth of the Rio de La Plata river and establish a permanent Malayan settlement there. Due to the abundance of silver there, the KRM and Malaya as a whole was raking in riches just like Brunei, Banten, and Tidore did, naming the area and river as 'Sungai Perak'. Expeditions to the west also started, and with pure naval firepower & supremacy, the KRM dominated and conquered many city forts on the Swahili Coast, even defeating the Omani Empire on some instances.

After the end of the Siamese War of Succession in 1752, Malaya also gained Penang & Pattani which reinforces its northern border. However, as the mid-19th century approaches, constant clashes between peer Suvarnasantaran powers soon occurred and Malaya realised that it maybe too small to control each and every corner of its overseas possessions. For example, in the War of the Tigers in 1869 (Tigers because the KRM flag were known to use the Johorese coat of arms which has two tigers / also known as the Malayan-Papuan War of 1869), the Malayan Colonial Navy under the jurisdiction of the Malayan Ratnakara Company clashed with the Royal Papuan Navy near the Tanzanian Coast. It resulted in a 52 days conflict between Papua and Malaya which resulted in the loss of Malayan East Africa, ceded to the now Papuan East Africa, only retaining Zanzibar. Consequently, the sultan of Malaya at the time, Abu Bakar, finally dissolved the Malayan Ratnakara Company and integrated remaining overseas colonies to direct government control, including Zanzibar. Abu Bakar decided that it is possibly better for the Malayan Sultanate to focus more developments and modernisations domestically rather than expanding its declining colonial empire, proven by the construction of telegraph lines, the first railway from Johor Bahru to Pattani, and etc.

Unironically, in 1896, Zanzibar under Sultan Khalid suddenly rebelled against the Malayan colonial / protectorate rule. *As expected*, the 'war' lasted only 38 minutes as the Royal Malayan Navy easily subdued and bombarded the Sultan's palace into submission, marking the end of Khalid's rule and solidifying Zanzibar as Malayan protectorate.

In WW1, Malaya was invaded by the Empire of Siam and was pushed back until the Melaka-Kuantan Fortification Line where it held for 5 years until 1919. In WW2, Malaya was again invaded, but this time, by the Chinese & Indian forces and was occupied from 1940-1944 before being liberated by Javanese & American forces. During the Cold War, Malaya initially remained neutral before pivoting towards the PEEC and joining it in 1956, seeing cooperative economic aid better for reconstruction rather than alone.

As of 2026, the Sultanate of Malaya remained a modest regional power, heavily relying on imports from Siam, Brunei, Java, Japan and others. However, Malaya is renowned for its tourist hotspots and natural reserves such as Mount Ophir (Gunung Ledang) and historical preserved cities like Melaka. Leveraging the Strait of Melaka using port cities like Melaka itself and Shah Alam made Malaya rich and an economically valuable nation. The Johor Bahru-Singapura metropolitan area is also one of the largest metropolitan area in Suvarnasantara, encompassing of city like Johor Bahru and Singapura, with a population of over 12 million people. The Sultanate of Malaya also has around 40 million people as of 2026.

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🇸🇬 **REPUBLIC OF ACEH DARUSSALAM**
Aceh Darussalam was formerly a powerful sultanate and known as the 'Veranda of Mecca' in Suvarnasantara due to its history of being one of the first country in the continent to be Islamized.

In the early to mid-1500s, inspired by Brunei's recent succeses and strengthening of its navy, using trade connections with Brunei, Aceh developed a powerful naval force capable of exerting regional dominance inspired by Brunei's Mahawangsa Warships, although they developed their own Acehnese warships & galleons equipped with domestic cannon castings for its swivel guns & broadside cannons. Despite enduring many hurdles especially due to the Triangular War and rebellious central Sumatran kingdoms, Aceh eventually consolidated control over the Hanuman Sea.

For example, in 1549, the Acehnese Navy  under Sultan Alauddin Al-Kahar dispatched the new navy to the island of Sri Lanka which was under the rule of the Kingdom of Kandy. Desperate to control the lucrative trade routes of the Ratnakara Mahasagara, Aceh used gunboat diplomacy to force the Kingdom of Kandy to adhere to its demands and turned it into an Acehnese protectorate. However, in 1556, Kandy tried to rebel against the Acehnese dominance, to no avail as the stronger Acehnese forces just blockaded the island and bombarded it into submission, and marched into Kandy and conquered it with ease. The protectorate is disestablished and Seri Langka became Aceh's direct overseas territory. Additionally, the Andaman Islands were also conquered to solidify Aceh's northern maritime border.

Aceh also entered a pargmatic alliance with the Mughal Empire to split up the Bengal Sultanate during the Invasions of 1572-1576. Aceh gained a crucial port city of Dhaka and Chattagram which enabled it to control trade routes in the Hanuman Sea, effectively making it a western Suvarnasantaran maritime player. The end of the Triangular War in 1582 also brought significant opportunities to the sultanate as Malaya and Aceh agreed to not encroach on each other's territories, splitting up Malay Peninsula & Sumatra into their respective spheres of influence. Aceh soon gradually split up the Sultanate of Siak Indrapura & Jambi Sultanate in an alliance with Banten (later Java), which was completed during the Siamese War of Succession.

However, as the 19th century approaches, Aceh faced a severe economic stagnation, and humiliating national defeats. For example, during the Toungoo-Acehnese Wars (1822-1848), Aceh, the once powerful maritime power of the Hanuman Sea, were defeated repeatedly by the rising Toungoo Empire / Empire of Burma. They had lost Dhaka to the Maratha Empire & Burmese onslaught, and also lost the Andaman Sea despite allying with the Vijayanegara Kingdom.

But, perhaps the most impactful of all was the loss of Seri Langka to Burma, its three centuries old colony stripped away just like that, and from the eyes of the people, the Royal Acehnese monarchy simply capitulated under foreign pressure. Another humiliation that occurred was perhaps the striking contrast between Malaya and Aceh. Malaya aso experienced colonial decline in Africa and South America. However, they did not waver, and instead defeated a colonial rebellion in Zanzibar, stood their ground, AND had many national developments including the Johor-Pattani railway & nationwide telegraph lines and leveraging their position as a crucial Melakan Strait player. Instead of competing for influence, the Acehnese monarchy and leadership looked inward instead of outward, using religious legitimacy to cope with their stagnating economy and political status in the global stage and taking pride in themselves as Suvarasantaran's 'Veranda of Mecca', even though the veranda has long been decayed.

In the 1890s, Aceh experienced what was known as the 1892 Acehnese Revolution in which younger Acehnese and growing dissastisfied merchant class enact a peaceful protest in the streets of Banda Aceh, Medan, etc, for the government to create more national developments for a robust economy and gave Malaya as an example. However, instead of giving into these demands, they were instead fired upon using rifles and bullets as the government saw them as a threat to the current leadership, cementing their resentment further. Daud Syah II, the then sultan of Aceh, tried to compromise by creating a 'parliament' to cope with the rising demand and popularity of republicanism 1903. However, this so-called parliament were instead filled in with religious ulemas, clerics, and the sultan's 'yes-men' to give an illusion of a functioning body of governance instead of actual members like the merchant & middle class and young reformers. The seal is shut, the seed of revolution is planted.

6 years later in 1909, the Acehnese Republican Revolution officially started after a group of student protesters were imprisoned and social reforms were blatanly blocked inside the 'Parliament'. Government buildings were broken into and taken including the parliament. Religious ulemas and ultraconservatives clerics were arrested and put on trial. The Acehnese Royal Family flee the capital by sea and were granted asylum by Java. Cities like Aceh, Medan, Padang, etc were occupied by the revolutionaries. After almost a month of struggle, the monarchist government finally collapsed, with the Republic of Aceh Darussalam officially proclaimed. The Veranda of Mecca that defined Aceh for centuries, now became the Veranda of Republicanism, being the first republican country in Suvarnasantara that would soon inspire other republican movements in Ternate, Nusa Tenggara, Myanmar and Siam.

Despite maintaining neutrality in WW1, Aceh's southern and eastern coasts were used by the Sovereign Entente (Java & Brunei specifically) to halt the Central Powers' Siamese expansion in Malaya. However in WW2, despite trying to maintain neutrality, the fascist Indian & Chinese state invasion of mainland Suvarnasatara proved a significant threat to Aceh's borders, especially since Malaya fell to the Indian blitz. By late-1940, Aceh was then, embroiled in a war against the Axis. Indian forces began pouring from the Strait of Melaka and attempted to land on the eastern coast of Aceh from occupied cities like Melaka and Shah Alam. Cities like Medan and Pekanbaru were captured and Java was also brought into the war. The Imperial Javanese Navy & Royal Brunei Navy began bombarding the occupied Andaman Islands to prevent Indian forces from making use of it.

However, true to their nature, the Acehnese Republic led a fierce and unyielding resistance to the invading Indian forces. Large Indian forces were forced into small pockets and were ambushed in a hit-and-run tactics & guerrillan warfare. Inspired by how the Finns in Europe deterred the Soviet invaders, Aceh did the same. They also blasted the Acehnese folk songs; Bungong Jeumpa & Hikayat Prang Sabi in Acehnese radio to disrupt Indian communications. Due to the grueling nature & higher risk than reward ratio, the Indian forces retreated from Aceh and back to the Malay Peninsula. By late-1945 and early 1946, Aceh became a preparation ground for Allied plans for the liberations of mainland Suvarnasantara.

As the war ended, Aceh was one of the earliest country to join the PEEC in 1953. This was due to its devastated state and cities which made the Acehnese leadership realise that economic assistance & unity are better in rebuilding its economy & politics rather than alone. By 2026, Aceh remains a secular republic in western maritime Suvarnasantara, albeit a slightly moderate Islamic conservative politics due to deep-seated Islamic heritage & history. Despite that, it is a prosperous & robust nation, leveraging its location as the entrance to the Strait of Melaka using port cities like Medan, Padang, and Meulaboh. Banda Aceh, its capital city, is not filled with towering skyscrapers and high rises like the rest of Suvarnasantara. Instead, it relies on maintaining and building an eco-tourism relying on its historical authenticity and building moderate-sized buildings (but new) using its unique Acehnese-Islamic designs. The Veranda of Mecca is hereby revived, albeit  under a more secular republic. As of 2026, the Republic of Aceh Darussalam has a population of over 42 million people.

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🇻🇳 **DAI VIET**
Dai Viet's expansion perhaps only started very late in the mid-18th century, although trade with Siam & Toungoo Dynasty did bring in industrial and modern weaponeries knowledge to the country which made the Le Dynasty abled to consolidate all power against the rival Trinh & Nguyen lords into just one Vietnamese Imperial House.

Just before the Siamese War of Succession (1731-1752), the Bruneian Empire had approached the Le Dynasty in Thang Long (modern day-Hanoi) through an envoy. Brunei, wanting to secure full monopoly of the Great Bruneian Sea, wanted its primary rival for the sea; Sultanate of Champa, out of the picture permanently. Brunei offered that Dai Viet will guarantee Brunei's full monopoly over the sea, in exchange that Dai Viet will obtain and subsequently annex the Sultanate of Champa, unifying Vietnam into 'Dai Viet'. Intrigued by this offer, the Le Dynasty accepts.

During the Siamese War of Succession, the strong and feared Royal Brunei Navy heavily bombarded Champa cities like Panduranga, Baigaur (Saigon), Indrapura, and others while the Le Dynasty marched their land army from the north while Kampuchean forces marched to the Mekong Delta. The Champa Sultanate was overwhelmed and fell after years of fighting and guerrilla conflicts. Vietnam is officially united under Dai Viet Le Dynasty. Later in the Siamese War of Reunification, Dai Viet sided pragmatically with the Siamese Empire and invaded the Mekong Delta from the Kingdom of Kampuchea.

The 'War of the Three Dragons' in 1851-1859 between Dai Viet & Ming China against the Neo-Nanyue Kingdom also led to the fall of the latter, and leading to Vietnam gaining Haiphong & Mong Cai & sovereignty over the Paracel Islands, in addition to less threats on its northern border.

Despite trying to maintain neutrality in WW1, Dai Viet was brought into the war by an invasion from the Empire of China. However, due to Vietnam's dense jungles, Siamese & Chinese forces were bogged down until the end of the war. The independence of the Kingdoms of Lan Xang & Kampuchea made sure that Dai Viet will have a good buffer against Siam if it even dares to invade again. The surrender of Ming China by Bruneian & Japanese blockades, bombardments, and subsequent bombings by them of their port cities was also a good factor for Dai Viet as its main primary rival is eradicated for good.

However in WW2, Dai Viet, Lan Xang, and Kampuchea was overwhelmed by the fascist Chinese State invasion from its northern territories (capturing Hanoi) to outmanouver the Empire of Burma in the west in 1940. But, instead of surrendering, the Imperial Houses of Dai Viet (Le Dynasty), Lan Xang, and Kampuchea went underground and led an extensive guerrilla warfare using advanced knowledge of Suvarnasantara dense tropical rainforests, using psychological warfare to terrorized on occupying Chinese forces, using hit-and-run ambushes, and sabotaging their supply lines (and they were also covertly supplied by the allied forces). This raised the popular support for the respective Imperial Dynasties in the eyes of their people.

As the Chinese forces retreated to garner more forces to counter the Soviet counterattack in the north after it failed to assist its German ally in making the Soviet collapse & to counter the Japanese & American led liberation of Korean peninsula (which Joseon Imperial Family also used the same guerrilla warfare tactic to gather popular support, leading to the survival of the Joseon Kingdom of Korea later until now), the Dai Viet forces with assistance from Bruneian aerial supports, liberated themselves and captured Hanoi in early 1946.

Dai Viet joined the PEEC in 1960, 8 years after its creation. As foreign investments poured into the Imperial State of Dai Viet, cities like Hanoi, Da Nang, Saigon, Nha Trang, etc. all gradually prospers. Vietnamese products such as coffee, pepper, fruits, textile, and timber goods soon flooded Suvarnsantara as a cheap alternatives from the more luxurious/efficient but expensive Bruneian & Burmese made. This fueled developments particularly in the capital:  Da Nang, which saw a rise in population and urban development. Vietnam also delved into eco-tourism through its dense jungles & rainforests as a way to attract eco tourists enjoyers.

As of 2026, Dai Viet maintains its status as a moderately-strong economy in Suvarnasantara. They also began producing & mass assembly-ing smartphones, semiconductors, and gadgets through companies like Bruneian 'Dillennia', Japanese Nokia & Sony, Javanese semiconductor company(s), and Joseon Korea's Samsung besides China & India. Due to its strategic position in the northern Great Bruneian Sea, Dai Viet functions as a northern gateway to trade with China, although recent rise of the Republic of China & India threatens to disrupt the global balance of the world. Despite having a modest military, with a population of over a 115 million people, Dai Viet is still widely feared and renowned for their high resilience & brilliant guerrilla warfare techniques.

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🇱🇦 **LAN XANG** & 🇰🇭 **KAMPUCHEA**
With an influx of modern knowledge from Siam via the 1662 Bruneian-Siamese Treaty, the Kingdom of Lan Xang was included in the flow of industrialisation. Under King Souligna Vongsa (r.1637-1694), in the 1670s, Lan Xang followed the Burmese example of using advanced horse cavalry & a disciplined army to defend its borders rather than using elephants. Lan Xang Army replaced their bows and arrows with locally made matchlocks named the 'Fapha' (Lightning in Lao, to match the speed of the gunpowder when fired), and used more proper tactics in battles.

King Vongsa also established a proto-parliament inspired by the Burmese Hluttaw to centralise power under a proto-meritocracy, although this body of government was initially filled by Lao nobles. Nonetheless, it allowed him to govern Lan Xang better & ensure a smooth succession to his descendants, which inevitably avoid a succession crisis in 1694 after his death & avoiding a possible break up of the kingdom. Due to these developments, King Vongsa is known as the king that led Lan Xang during its golden age.

The Kingdom of Kampuchea meanwhile, benefitted directly from trade with muslim sultanates, even from the Bruneian Empire, gaining powerful weaponeries like Bruneian-made matchlocks & even Siamese technological advancements & agricultural progresses. This was due to Ramathipadi I's conversion to Islam, renaming himself to Sultan Ibrahim I (r.1642-1666). This made other maritime Suvarnasantaran sultanates see the Kingdom of Kampuchea as a crucial economic ally in the mainland. Due to the technological advancements of the region, Ibrahim I took the opportunity to modernise his kingdom. Despite being the only muslim sultan/king of the Kampuchean kingdom, he refused to turn Kampuchea into a Muslim kingdom through forced conversions, letting Kampuchea still be its Buddhist-leaning governance and keeping his practices to himself. This created an era of stability and prosperity due to the growing Kampuchean middle class.

However, despite Lan Xang gaining Lan Chang in the Siamese War of Succession & Kampuchea gaining Battambang, both kingdoms eventually fell to the revanchist Siamese invasion in the war of reunification, getting absorbed in Siam proper in the 1840s alongside Kampuchea. However, Lan Xang & Kampuchea eventually revolted and achieved their independence from Siam in 1919-20 after the country surrendered.

Unfortunately, peace was temporary, in WW2, Lan Xang & Kampuchea was invaded by the fascist Chinese State and were occupied. But, following the Imperial House of Le of Dai Viet, the two Lao & Kampuchean royal houses also followed suit and enacted an underground resistance movements, establishing a secret radio frequencies & transmissions to teansfer messages, etc. which fueled popular support for them. By the war's end, Lan Xang & Kampuchea's independence were successufully restored.

Lan Xang & Kampuchea joined the PEEC in 1961 & 1963 respectively, following Dai Viet's entry into the alliance. This highly benefitted both kingdoms as the alliance provided immense benefits, one of them being a passport-free travel across member states without systematic checks & needing visas. This allowed Lao & Kampucheans to study & work abroad without significant hurdles, bringing back knowledge, technologcial intellect, and economic benefits home.

As of 2026, Kampuchea & Lan Xang is a moderately prosperous nation that exports a mix of agricultural products via the fertile Mekong River & providing labour for PETO nations. Kampuchea and Lan Xang has a population of over 23 million & 11 million people respectively.

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🇫🇲 REPUBLIC OF TERNATE & 🇹🇱 NUSA TENGGARA
Industrialisation and modernisation first spread to Ternate & the then Kingdom of Larantuka through Brunei & Tidore, which had colonised Southwest 'Amrika through their silver & gold riches. Ternate began adopting matchlocks inspired by Bruneian-made Ancala arquebuses, alongside building a large navy to counter its rivals Tidore & Gowa.

In the 1620s, Ternate had signed a treaty of non-aggression with Tidore, after both decided that Gowa was a bigger threat due to their monopolisation of the Spice Islands, especially after consolidating their hold over the island of Ambon & west Aru Islands. Ternate focused on building a larger navy to counter Gowa.

Larantuka, however, was eventually conquered and islamized by the Sultanate of Gowa, seeing east Nusa Tenggara as a good stepping stone to colonising northern Lusantara in the 1650s.

During the Siamese War of Succession, Ternate using its centuries long non-aggression treaty with the Sultanate of Papua (then-Tidore), conquered and divided the Sultanate of Gowa with Papua gaining Ambon & Aru Islands while Ternate gained almost all of Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara (West Nusa Tenggara given to the then-Mataram Sultanate, before their unification with Banten in 1781) & Ex-Gowan colony of North Lusantara, leaving only a small portion of the west peninsula as the 'independent' Sultanate of Gowa (it's just a Ternatean economic satellite atp), paving its way for full Ternatean annexation in 1775.

As the mid-19th century approaches, Ternate decided to finally shift towards colonial expansionism like Papua, Java & Brunei. However, it is too late, they were easily checked by other Suvarnasantaran powers when they attempt to settle in foreign territories. For example; in the 1810s, Ternate were engulfed in an unwinnable war with Papua over Lusantara. Its capital; Ternate, liteally close with Tidorese territory, were severly bombarded by the strong Papuan navy, with the post-war settlement later mediated by Java leading to Papua gettng their colony of North Lusantara. Another attempt emerged in the late-1820s & 30s, Ternate tried to establish a colony in the Somalian coasts, but this was shortlived as they were forcibly expelled by the already existing Japanese coastal city colonies there.

In 1846-1850 however, Ternate experienced a devastating succession crisis. As the sultan (Muhammad Zain) passed away suddenly without a designated heir, the Ternatean Government was immediately embroiled in a brink of civil war between supporting the legitimate crown prince (who was still young and just reaching adolescence, supported by the palace nobles, who wants to maintain status quo and refused reforms), or the Kapitan (Head) of the Imperial Ternatean Army & Navy, Muhammad Zain's older brother, Muhammad Daud (supported by the Army & secretly backed by the Sultanate of Papua, making him king would make Ternate a puppet of Papua), or his younger brother (a reformist prince, backed by the people, but lack power to assert his claim).

In those 4 years, Ternate was engulfed in anarchy. The three forces clashed often in cities and towns. Muhammad Daud enacted several assassinations of the Crown Prince's palace factions which weakened the palace's legitimacy and foothold. Alongside that, he also assassinated key figures inside the Prince reformist factions, which brought multiple innocent casualties in Ternate.

As anarchy began to fall upon Ternate; Brunei, Java, and Papua started to secretly split their areas of influence on Ternatean territories, evident by the 'Council of Three Empires' in 1848 in Surabaya. It was agreed that Brunei would annex Sulawesi, Papua would gain Ternate proper and the West Maluku Islands, and Java will gain East Nusa Tenggara.

However, a spy of the reformist Prince faction found out about this and reported it back to him. He realised that if this plan were to succeed, Ternate would soon vanish as a sovereign state and be occupied as a part of the Bruneian, Javanese, and Papuan Empires. Realising the futility of the situation, he still attempted to put his whole life's worth of luck into a political gamble. In late-1849, he and his loyal officials discreetly left the port city of Makassar at midnight to seek assistance from the only one and rising power in mainland Suvarnasantara; Siam. As the Siamese Empire just completed their War of Reunification and conquered Lan Xang & Kampuchea, the Prince thought that Siam, felt with revanchist mentality, would step in and threaten war against Brunei, Java, or Papua if Ternate were to be split and annexed.

However, before he can even reach Siam, as they docked to refuel and refill supplies in the Acehnese port city of Medan, Bruneian & Javanese spies who had tracked his location suddenly intercepted him, which led to the 1849 Medan Crisis. He was soon apprehended and deported back to Ternate, where he was put on house arrest. Before this news can reach the other nations, Brunei, Java, and Papua finalized the partition in the Malayan city of Singapura, which was now known as the 1850 Singapura Accord. Under the guise of "preserving regional stability & restoring order to Ternatean anarchy". In reality, even contemporaries knew that it is just a justification used for the three empires' expansionism, with the Ternatean crisis giving them a good casus belli.

Ternate was officially dissolved as a sultanate.

Sulawesi, Ternate Proper, East Nusa Tenggara were annexed into Brunei, Java, and Papua respectively. Dissents were shut down using police & army forces of the empires. In Sulawesi, Brunei tried to establish several pro-Bruneian sentiments by trying to industrialise, modernise, and improve the livelihood of Sulawesi. Urban cities like Seri Intan (formerly; Palu, now the capital of the province of Intan, Bruneian Sulawesi), Makassar, Manado and others received considerable amount of industrialisation, the first railway were built from Makassar > Seri Intan > Manado in the 1870s. However despite this, protests & dissents continued, demanding for Ternatean independence, and quite often these protesters were arrested, imprisoned, and exiled, fueling deep Ternatean resentment.

East Nusa Tenggara were instead embroiled in a 'Javanization' by the Javanese government. Its provincial capital; Shailapura (Shaila; sanskrit for Cliffs + Pura; city = City of Cliffs) received moderate investments from the Javanese government, merely using it as a crucial port city to protect its eastern maritime border. However, since these territory had always been colonised since the time of the Gowa Sultanate conquering the Kingdom of Larantuka, local former Larantukan people began to instead incite small rebellions against the Javanese government from time to time. This was fueled not only from the lack of actual care to the province, but also due to the constant famine the province experienced, with the worst one being the East Nusa Tenggara Famine of 1877, mainly due to the 1877-1878 El Niño of Suvarnasantara.

Ternate Proper, the former capital & Ternatean Maluku Islands, were put under the Sultanate of Papua (formerly Tidore), its former fierce and vengeful rival. As a result, any Ternateans who not only rebelled but also have suspected ties with the rebels, were imprisoned, exiled to the Lusantaran Outback, and often, brutally put down.

However, dissent breeds resentment, and resentment breeds revolution. By the end of the First World War, as the three empires were engulfed in the chaos of the post-war settlement, the Ternateans finally rose and launched a war of independence (1919-1925) across Sulawesi, and the Ternatean Maluku Islands, occupying cities like Seri Intan, Manado,  Ternate Lama, Makassar, and others. Police headquarters, army barracks were captured one by one. The Bruneian & Papuan forces were caught off-guard, and were gradually overwhelmed by the brave and fierce Ternatean liberators.

For a grueling 6 years, the Ternateans fought from the shadows and underground. A breakthrough was achieved in mid-late 1924 when the Ternatean forces successfully captured the city of Seri Intan, Ternate Lama, and eventually, Manado from the Bruneian and Papuan forces. In Manado, deemed centralised location among other cities, were renamed Ternateraya and was officially proclaimed as the capital city of the newly independent Republic of Ternate. In 1925, formal armistice were finally signed between the Bruneian, Papuan, and Ternatean forces. Brunei (reluctantly) officially recognised the Republic of Ternate as an independent nation. However, Papuan bitterness oevr their rival's revival made them refuse to recognise the newly independent nation, until the second world war was over, recognising them in 1947 after Brunei & Java's mediation. Ternate now stands tall as a proud independent nation with their fellow newly independent brothers in Ireland & the Ainu Republic in Yankemosir.

Nusa Tenggara only became independent in 1934 after they launched their own war of independence against Java in 1929, which was economically affected by the Great Depression. Due to their more disorganized & unindustrialised nature, the Nusa Tenggarans had a more harder time to liberate themselves against the Javanese. It was only in after the capture of Shailapura & Larantuka in 1933 & '34 and accompanied by the economic devastation of the depression which made Java concede and acknowledged Nusa Tenggara's independence. The name 'Republic of Nusa Tenggara' was chosen because they wanted to move themselves from its colonised & occupied past under Larantuka, Gowa, and Java.

By the time of the second world war, Ternate & Nusa Tenggara were still recovering from the war of independence and stayed neutral, although they did condemn the Chinese & Indian aggressive expansion deeming it as 'Neo-colonialism'. Nevertheless, Ternate soon experienced a period of 'economic boom' in the late-80s and early 90s roughly from 1986-1994 after Ternatean leadership significantly drop the usually high corporate taxes & proactively invests in high growth sectors of the Ternatean economic sectors. This led to Bruneian, Japanese, and other Suvarnasantaran conglomerates to invest and open their businesses in Ternate, leading to a robust & competitive economy, making the country a bustling economic hub for eastern Suvarnasantara. By 2026, Ternate becomes a hotspot for tourists searching the modern feeling of the skylines of Ternateraya, or travelling the grueling jungles of Sulawesi, or even immerse themselves in the historical city of Ternate Lama, which also borders Tidore Lama, providing the best of both worlds. As of 2026, the population of Ternate is around 39 million people. Ternate soon joined the PEEC in 1989.

As for Nusa Tenggara, the newborn republic was facing quite a hurdle as it was still unstable and faced repeated insurgencies against the government. It even faced a communist coup in 1966 during the height of the Cold War. However, with the help of Javanese & American aid, the communist government was shortlived, and a democratic government was put into place. Nusa Tenggara spent decades trying to rebuild and recover. In the 90s, inspired by Ternate's successes, Nusa Tenggara followed the same paths. Using its crude petroleum & gas exports, Nusa Tenggara lessens corporate tax and began large constructions of public infrastructure, investments into the tourism industry, and acts as one of the main economic gateway to Lusantara besides Papua. This allowed the Nusa Tenggaran economy to gradually improved and soon raises the standards of living. Shailapura became a bustling city filled with mldest skylines and markets. As of 2026, Nusa Tenggara has a population of over 7 million people. It soon joined the PEEC in 1997.

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By 2026, Suvarnasantara holds a population of over an estimated 1,218,000,000 (or 1.218 billion people) highly (90/95%>) homogeneous population (due to Chinese & Indian states industrialising & modernising early, leaving no reason for an intended diaspora (and no forced colonial exploitation of Chinese & Indian labours to be brought abroad)). It also holds some of the world's Top 10 economies and is the primary hub of the global manufacturing, heavy industries, technology and military production sectors alongside Europe, Arunabumi & North America (or 'Amrika Utara). It stands as a proud continent which stands peer to peer with Europe to cooperate & compete against the United States, China, & India (and to an extent, Russia). PETO is also a crucial glue in keeping the two continents together. Latest talks of a unified currency system called 'Eura' (Europe + Asia = Eura) has been proposed and perhaps would be implemented by the year 2030 or beyond.