2017-08-01 TOEFL: word roots, reading organization

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 4) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
icon = image
idio = oneself/one’s own
il/im/in/ir (illegal) = not
il/im/in/ir (illuminate) = in (The opposite prefix is “e” or “ex”.)
	il - when the next word begins with L
	ir - when the next word begins with R
	im - when the next word begins with P, B, or M
	in - everything else
infra = under (The opposite prefix is “ultra”.)
inter = among/between
intra/intro = inside/into
ject = throw
junct = join
kine = movement
lab = work
lex/lect = read/speak (It’s the same root in “collect” and “elect”, related to the idea the reading and speaking involve picking out words.)
loc = place
luc = light
lum = light
macro = big (in size)
magni = great (in size or quality)
mal = bad
man(i/u) = hand
mar = sea
mega = big (unit prefix = one million)
meta (metamorphosis) = change
meta (metadata) = beyond/about (Metacognition is thinking about thought.)
micro = small (unit prefix = one millionth)
migr = move
mis = incorrect
miss/mit = send
mono = one
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TOEFL sections review
1 reading - 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, 14-15 questions for each passage
2 listening - 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets, each set: 3 listenings, about 17 questions, 10 minutes to answer
(10-minute break)
3 speaking - 20 minutes, 6 tasks, total of 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing - 1 hour, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary (Which word is closest in meaning to this one?)
- paraphrase (Which sentence is closest in meaning to this one?)
- fact (According to the reading, which of these things is true?)
- negative fact (According to the reading, which of these things is NOT true?)
- reference (What does this word refer to in the text?)
- inference (What can be inferred about this?)
- purpose (Why does the author mention this?)
- sentence insertion (Where in the paragraph should this sentence go?)
- summarize (Which three sentences express the most important ideas from the passage?)
- organize (Put 5 of 7 or 7 of 9 answer choices into the correct categories.)
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 223 - Take 2 minutes to categorize the answer choices according to whether each one is about underground homes or conventional homes. Then check your answers with your partner.
underground: A D
conventional: B E
Take 90 seconds to do the same for the second passage.
early forms: D E
later forms: A C
Take 2 minutes for passage 3.
ringtaw: A D
fortification: C E
2.5 minutes for passage 4
artificial: A D
traditional: C E
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BREAK
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“Unlike some traditional vacation spots, such as beach resorts that have destroyed the beauty (C) of the area and have put heavy burdens on the infrastructure (E) of coastal villages not designed for a large influx of people, these all-purpose resorts were carefully planned to accommodate large numbers of tourists (A).”
these all-purpose resorts = Sun City, Disney World, and Sentosa Island (artificial all-purpose resorts)
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Take 5 minutes for the fifth passage.
found to exist: D E H
perhaps don’t exist: A B F I
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Take 2.5 minutes to skim the 6th passage for the answer choices and identify whether they are from the first four stages or the last stage of sleep. (It might help to first divide the passage into where each stage is discussed.)
With your partner, find where in the text each answer choice is described (if it’s described somewhere).
stages 1-4: A D G I
final stage: C F H
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Speaking Section - six tasks
1 independent, open-ended - 15 seconds to prepare / 45 seconds to speak
2 independent, choice - 15/45
3 integrated reading/listening/speaking, campus announcement and conversation - 30/60
4 integrated R/L/S, academic text and lecture - 30/60
5 integrated L/S, conversation about problem and solutions - 20/60
6 integrated L/S, academic lecture - 20/60
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DELTA p. 286 - Take 45 seconds to read the announcement. Listen to the conversation and take notes.
“The man expresses his opinion about the campus food service. Briefly summarize the announcement the speakers are discussing, then state his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.”
Your response should have these parts:
1 Summarize the announcement: “The announcement is about a vote to change campus food service. The first option is… The second option is…”
2 State the speaker’s opinion: “The man said he is going to vote for the second option.”
3 Lead-in: “He gives two reasons for his opinion.”
4 First reason: “His first reason is that he doesn’t like the main cafeteria.”
5 Detail/Example: “The cafeteria is always very crowded, with long lines and no place to keep his bike. It is also not in a convenient location for many students who have classes all over campus.”
6 Second reason: “His second reason is that he already prefers the existing snack bars.”
7 Detail/Example: “The snack bars are more convenient for students to get to. They also offer more choices for food, such as barbecue.”
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p. 291 - Read the announcement and take notes. Then listen to the speaker and take notes.
With your partner, take 5 minutes to prepare a “perfect” response to this prompt.
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p. 304 - Give your response to your partner.
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Homework: Finish the handout from today (Cengage p. 167-174)