2019-12-11 TOEFL: speaking 2 and 3

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Homework: choose a text to read carefully and identify all the prepositions. Do you understand in each case why that preposition was used?
---
for + noun / for + verb(ing)
to + base form
- When talking about purpose (para in Spanish), we usually don’t use for + gerund, so the rule becomes:
	for + noun
	to + verb
---
Speaking Tasks 2 and 3:
- 45 (to 50) seconds to read some text
- listen to people talking about the same topic
- speak about the listening and how it relates to the reading
---
Task 2
- The text is an announcement or proposal about some kind of change at a university.
- The listening is a conversation between students, in which one expresses an opinion about the change.
- Speak about the change and that student’s opinion.

When you read the announcement, especially pay attention for two things:
1 What is the change?
    - 1 semester work experience now required
2 Why? (Why is it suggested, or why have they changed it, or why will they change it?)
    - develop skills
    - make connections with businesses

When you listen, pay attention to
1 Which speaker has the stronger opinion? (And what is the opinion?)
    - The woman disagrees with the requirement.
2 What reasons do they give?
    - they’ll do work that doesn’t build useful skills
    - many universities do this, so there’ll be a lot of competition

Your response can have a very similar organization to the first task:
1 Introduction A: Summarize the announcement
2 Introduction B: state the speaker’s opinion
3 Lead-in (optional): “She gives two reasons for her disagreement.”
4 First reason
5 Detail/example
6 Second reason
7 Detail/example
(8 Conclusion - if you have time)

ETS 2.2 question 3

What is the suggested change? - display paintings in the student center entrance
Why?
	- many students go through there
	- there are big windows and a lot of light

Who has the opinion? - the woman
What is her opinion? - she disagrees
Why?
	- too crowded; distracting to look at art
	- natural sunlight isn’t good b/c consistent, controlled light is better, like in museums
---
Record your responses to the ETS Guide questions.
---
BREAK
---
Task 3
- the text is general information from a textbook
- the lecture gives more specific information about the same topic
- speak using the specific information to explain the general concept

When you read, find the definition of the title term or concept. (What is an establishing shot?)
Then additionally look for what else the text says about this. (Can you find two points?)
    - shows background/setting
    - sets the mood or feeling

When you listen, mainly focus on what points the speaker makes (they’ll usually correspond to the points you found in the text).
    - setting: city, 1940s (from cars and signs)
    - mood: dark and gloomy, mysterious
    (so he knew what to expect in the next scene)

Your response:
1 Introduction: summarize the text
2 Lead-in: State what kind of points the speaker makes (“The professor talks about an establishing shot in a movie he saw recently.”)
3 First point
4 Detail/example
5 Second point
6 Detail/example
(7 Conclusion - if you have time)

ETS 2.2 question 4

What’s the concept? - entertainment merchandising
What does it mean? - use brand or image from one product to sell another (esp. movies/TV for kids)
Specific points?
	- popular TV show -> toys based on characters
	- popular toys -> TV show with characters based on those toys

What details or specific points does the professor give?
	- he+friends liked “Action Hero” show; later there were toys of the characters that they all wanted
	- his daughter likes “Rosa” doll w/ friends; excited b/c new TV show based on doll, equally popular
---
Record your responses to the ETS Guide practice tests.
---
Remember, if a professor describes research, listen for two key pieces of information:
	methods (what did the researchers do?)
	results (what did they observe?)
---
Homework: Watch three TED-Ed videos and take notes. We’ll discuss them tomorrow.