Web - 7 - 3

// declare all our variables
const WIDTH = 720
const HEIGHT = 480
const GROUNDHEIGHT = HEIGHT - 40
const GRAVITY = -1
const GAMESPEED = 1
const TILESPEEDS = {
  ground: 0.25,
  backdrop: 0.1
}

const canvas = document.querySelector('#game')
canvas.width = WIDTH
canvas.height = HEIGHT

const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')

const imgLoader = createImageLoader()

const playerAnimations = Object.assign({},
  createAnimation('run', 'images/kenny/run', 6, 7),
  createAnimation('idle', 'images/kenny/idle', 2, 25),
  createAnimation('jump', 'images/kenny/jump', 1, 0, false),
  createAnimation('fall', 'images/kenny/fall', 1, 0, false),
  createAnimation('dead', 'images/kenny/hit', 1, 0, false)
)

const groundImage = imgLoader.loadImage('images/tile.png')
const holeImage = imgLoader.loadImage('images/hole.png')
const backdropImage = imgLoader.loadImage('images/backdrop.png')

imgLoader.loadAll()
  .then(() => { gameStart() })

let prevLoop
let prevDraws = []
let keysPressed = []
let player
let score
let ground

// create an image loader that will use promises to load all of the given images
function createImageLoader() {
  let l = {}
  l.images = []

  l.loadImage = (src) => {
    let img = new Image()
    img.src = src

    let p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      img.addEventListener('load', () => { resolve(img) })
      img.addEventListener('error', (err) => { reject(new Error('Image failed to load')) })
    })

    l.images.push(p)

    return img
  }

  l.loadAll = () => {
    return Promise.all(l.images)
      .then((images) => l.images = images)
      .catch((error) => { console.error(error) })
  }

  return l
}

// make an animation object with our parameters and loaded animation frames
function createAnimation(name, path, length, time, loop = true) {
  let a = {}
  a[name] = {}

  a[name].frames = new Array(length).fill(null).map((val, indx) => imgLoader.loadImage(`${path}/${indx}.png`))
  a[name].frameTime = time
  a[name].loop = loop

  return a
}

// make a player object that will animate and jump
function createPlayer(animations, x, scale = 1) {
  let p = {}

  p.state = 'run'
  p.prevState = p.state

  p.frame = 0
  p.frameTicks = 0
  p.animations = animations

  p.frameTime = p.animations[p.state].frameTime
  p.image = p.animations[p.state]['frames'][p.frame]

  p.scale = scale
  p.width = p.image.width * p.scale
  p.height = p.image.height * p.scale
  p.x = x
  p.y = GROUNDHEIGHT - p.height

  p.vel = 0
  p.forces = 0
  p.mass = 200

  p.score = 0

  p.getRight = () => {
    return p.x + p.width
  }

  p.getBottom = () => {
    return p.y + p.height
  }

  p.updateImage = () => {
    const bottom = p.getBottom()
    p.image = p.animations[p.state]['frames'][p.frame]
    p.width = p.image.width * p.scale
    p.height = p.image.height * p.scale
    p.y = bottom - p.height
  }

  p.updateAnimation = (delta) => {
    p.frameTicks += 0.06 * delta

    if ((p.animations[p.state].loop || p.frame < p.animations[p.state]['frames'].length - 1) && p.frameTicks >= p.frameTime) {
      p.frame++
      p.frameTicks = 0

      if (p.frame === p.animations[p.state]['frames'].length)
        p.frame = 0

      p.updateImage()
    }
  }

  p.setState = (state) => {
    if (state === p.state) return

    p.frame = 0
    p.frameTicks = 0
    p.state = state
    p.frameTime = p.animations[p.state].frameTime

    p.updateImage()
  }

  p.addForce = (amount) => {
    p.forces += amount
  }

  p.jump = () => {
    if (p.state === 'run' || p.state === 'idle') {
      p.prevState = p.state
      p.addForce(500)
    }
  }

  p.checkGround = (delta) => {
    const groundCollisions = ground.tiles.filter((val) =>
      val.type === 'ground' &&
      p.x < val.getRight() &&
      p.getRight() > val.x &&
      p.getBottom() - p.vel * delta >= val.y &&
      p.y < val.y
    )

    return groundCollisions
  }

  p.simulatePhysics = (delta) => {
    const onGroundTiles = p.checkGround(delta)

    if (!onGroundTiles.length || p.forces || p.vel) {
      const dt = !p.vel ? 1 : delta
      p.addForce(GRAVITY)

      const acceleration = p.forces / p.mass
      p.y -= dt * (p.vel + dt * acceleration / 2)

      const nextAcceleration = GRAVITY / p.mass
      p.vel += dt * (acceleration + nextAcceleration) / 2

      p.forces = 0
    }

    if (onGroundTiles.length && p.getBottom() !== onGroundTiles[0].y) {
      p.setState(p.prevState)
      p.y = onGroundTiles[0].y - p.height
      if (p.vel < 0)
        p.vel = 0
    }
  }

  p.update = (delta) => {
    p.simulatePhysics(delta)

    if (p.vel > 0)
      p.setState('jump')

    if (p.vel < 0)
      p.setState('fall')

    if (p.y > HEIGHT)
      p.setState('dead')

    if (p.state !== 'dead')
      p.score += 0.0125 * delta * GAMESPEED

    p.updateAnimation(delta)
  }

  p.draw = () => {
    ctx.drawImage(p.image, p.x, p.y, p.width, p.height)

    return [{
      x: p.x,
      y: p.y,
      width: p.width,
      height: p.height
    }]
  }

  return p
}

// create a score object which will update and draw each frame
function createScore(player, font, size, color, x, y) {
  let s = {}

  s.player = player
  s.text = 'Score: ' + parseInt(s.player.score)
  s.font = font
  s.size = size
  s.color = color
  s.x = x
  s.y = y

  s.update = () => {
    s.text = 'Score: ' + parseInt(s.player.score)
  }

  s.draw = () => {
    ctx.font = `${size}px ${font}`
    ctx.fillStyle = s.color
    ctx.textBaseline = 'hanging'
    ctx.fillText(s.text, s.x, s.y)

    return [{
      x: s.x,
      y: s.y,
      width: ctx.measureText(s.text).width,
      height: s.size
    }]
  }

  return s
}

// create an image tile with the given size and coordinates
function createTile(image, x, y, width, height, type, speed) {
  let t = {}

  t.type = type

  t.speed = speed
  t.image = image
  t.x = x
  t.y = y
  t.width = width
  t.height = height

  t.getRight = () => {
    return t.x + t.width
  }

  t.getBottom = () => {
    return t.y + t.height
  }

  t.update = (delta) => {
    t.x -= t.speed * GAMESPEED * delta

    if (t.getRight() < 0)
      return false

    return true
  }

  t.draw = () => {
    ctx.drawImage(t.image, t.x, t.y, Math.ceil(t.width), t.height)

    return {
      x: t.x,
      y: t.y,
      width: t.width,
      height: t.height
    }
  }

  return t
}

// create moving ground tiles with a chance of obstacles
function createGround(image, holeImage) {
  let g = {}

  g.height = HEIGHT - GROUNDHEIGHT
  g.y = GROUNDHEIGHT

  g.speed = TILESPEEDS.ground
  g.image = image
  g.tileWidth = image.width * (g.height / image.height)
  g.tiles = new Array(Math.ceil(WIDTH / g.tileWidth) + 1).fill(null).map((val, index) =>
    createTile(image, index * g.tileWidth, g.y, g.tileWidth, g.height, 'ground', g.speed)
  )

  g.holeImage = holeImage
  g.holeLength = 3
  g.obstacleChance = 9

  g.holeTiles = 0
  g.lastObstacleTile = g.tiles.length

  g.update = (delta) => {
    let shiftTiles = false
    g.tiles.forEach((val) => {
      if (!val.update(delta)) shiftTiles = true
    })

    if (shiftTiles) {
      g.tiles.shift()

      const x = g.tiles[g.tiles.length - 1].getRight()
      g.tiles[g.tiles.length] = createTile(g.image, x, g.y, g.tileWidth, g.height, 'ground', g.speed)

      if (g.lastObstacleTile > 6 && Math.floor(Math.random() * (g.obstacleChance + 1)) === g.obstacleChance) {
        g.lastObstacleTile = 0
        g.holeTiles = g.holeLength
      } else {
        g.lastObstacleTile++
      }

      if (g.holeTiles) {
        g.lastObstacleTile = 0
        g.holeTiles--
        g.tiles.pop()
        const x = g.tiles[g.tiles.length - 1].getRight()
        g.tiles[g.tiles.length] = createTile(g.holeImage, x, g.y, g.tileWidth, g.height, 'hole', g.speed)
      }
    }
  }

  g.draw = () => {
    let draws = []

    g.tiles.forEach((val) => {
      draws.push(val.draw())
    })

    return draws
  }

  return g
}

// when all images have loaded, create our needed objects and start drawing
function gameStart() {
  ctx.drawImage(backdropImage, 0, 0, WIDTH, GROUNDHEIGHT)

  player = createPlayer(playerAnimations, 100, 0.1)
  score = createScore(player, 'Roboto', 32, 'black', 25, 25)
  ground = createGround(groundImage, holeImage)

  prevLoop = performance.now()
  window.requestAnimationFrame(gameLoop)

  document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
    const key = e.key

    if (!keysPressed.includes(key))
      keysPressed.push(key)
  })
}


// update all our game objects
function update(delta) {
  if (keysPressed.includes(' '))
    player.jump()

  keysPressed = []

  ground.update(delta)
  player.update(delta)
  score.update()
}

// clear the areas that were drawn last frame and draw updated objects
function draw() {
  const widthRatio = WIDTH / backdropImage.width
  const heightRatio = GROUNDHEIGHT / backdropImage.height

  prevDraws.forEach((array) => {
    array.forEach((val) => {
      ctx.drawImage(
        backdropImage,
        Math.round(val.x / widthRatio),
        Math.round(val.y / heightRatio),
        Math.round(val.width / widthRatio),
        Math.round(val.height / heightRatio),
        Math.round(val.x),
        Math.round(val.y),
        Math.round(val.width),
        Math.round(val.height)
      )
    })
  })

  prevDraws = []

  ground.draw()
  prevDraws.push(player.draw(), score.draw())
}

// sync our game loop to the window framerate, then update and draw each frame
function gameLoop(time) {
  const delta = time - prevLoop
  prevLoop = time

  update(delta)
  draw()

  window.requestAnimationFrame(gameLoop)
}