2016-02-06 Saturday: 5 Travel

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-02-06 Saturday: 5 Travel”
This is the same level and book as the “Core” class.
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There is NO CLASS next week, February 13.
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Homework: read p. 39 and do parts 2, 3, 4, 5 on p. 38
	Read the information on p. 41 and write a blog post about spending a weekend in the underwater city you designed.

part 2
1 He tried to swim when there was a storm and he almost died.
2 He has more respect for the dangers of the ocean now. He doesn’t go into the sea when it is dangerous.
part 3
1 two (more or less)
2 afraid
3 stop
4 It was difficult for me
5 stop swimming (let go = give up)
6 quickly (scramble = go up quickly in a disorganized way)
part 4
1 first: to go swimming despite the storm, so he had to fight against the sea and he swallowed a lot of water and sand
  second: to go back to shore, so he was caught in the surf zone and couldn’t get back
  third: to let go and stop fighting, so he was carried to shore and got out
2 He loves it a lot. He thinks of it as a person.
3 When he doesn’t see fish, it’s probably because of human activity like pollution, so he asks forgiveness for everyone who hurts the ocean.
part 5
1 F (except when there’s a storm)
2 T
3 T
4 F - “Every time I think about it, my heart races and my guts jump to my throat.”
5 T

one < a couple < a few < several < many
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Find someone who has done the things on the handout. If a person answers “yes”, write their name and ask one or two follow-up questions for more information.
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Have you been to Russia? = Have you gone to Russia and returned?

She has been to Russia. = She has visited Russia and returned.
She has gone to Russia. = She has left for Russia but hasn’t returned yet.
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Error Correction:

*What did you wrote about her?
-> What did you write about her? (do/does/did + base form)

*How you did it?
-> How did you do it?

*When I will go back to France, I will go.
-> When I go back to France, I will go. (we don’t use future grammar in time clauses)
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http://www.avon39.org/boston/
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Present Perfect: meaning - something started in the past and can happen more in the future
I have lived in Boston for 8 years. = I started in the past and I still live in Boston now.
I have flown in a helicopter. = I flew in the past and I may again in the future.

I have had one cup of coffee today. = I’ve had one cup and may have another later today.
	(coffee today may not be finished)
I had one cup of coffee today. = I had one cup and I won’t have any more today.
	(today isn’t finished, but coffee today is finished)
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I didn’t come to brunch yesterday because I had already eaten. (past perfect)
I’m not coming to brunch now because I have already eaten. (present perfect)
I won’t come to brunch tomorrow because I will have already eaten. (future perfect)
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I had eaten at 7. (past perfect: I finished eating before 7.)
I was eating at 7. (past continuous: I was in the middle of eating at 7.)
I ate at 7. (simple past: I started eating at 7.)
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Is the time finished?
yes - simple past (or another past tense)
no -
	Can the action happen again in that time?
	yes - present perfect
	no - simple past
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Can the action happen again in the time frame of the sentence?
yes - present perfect
no - a past tense (if the time is already finished, then the answer is always “no”)
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p. 59 part 7 - Complete the paragraph with simple past or present perfect
(simple past = during a specific time in the past, present perfect = during his whole life/career)
1 have also flown (“also” goes after the first auxiliary verb)
2 has done (during his whole life/career)
3 once spent (he’s not there now, so this is a finished trip)
4 didn’t have (during the 11-month trip)
5 filled (during the 11-month trip)
6 has used (‘over the years’ = during his whole life/career)

His career is not finished, so they may fly over other places and do work in other places and use more notebooks in the future.
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p. 162 practice 1 - use simple past or present perfect to complete the conversation
(Is each sentence about their whole lives, or one specific finished trip?)
1 I haven’t seen
2 Have you been
3 I just got back / I’ve just gotten back
4 were you (he returned, so being there is finished -> simple past)
5 I spent (during the trip)
6 did you get to (during the trip)
7 I went (during the trip)
8 I’ve heard (during his whole life)
9 I didn’t have (during the trip)
10 It was too far (during the trip)
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BREAK
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Present perfect continuous:
form = have/has + been + verb(ing)

meaning:
I wrote a book. = The book is finished, and I won’t write any more.
I have written a book. = The book is finished, and I may write more.
I have been writing a book. = The book is started but not finished. I’m still in the middle of it.
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I have lived in Boston for 8 years. = I have been living in Boston for 8 years.
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p. 61 part 8
I have been studying very hard, so I have passed all my tests.
I’ve been visiting many beautiful places and I have taken hundreds of photos.
1 e - We’ve been tracking elephants today -- we’ve taken some amazing photos.
2 a - I’ve been lying by the pool, so I have finished my book.
3 b - I’ve been looking for a cheap deal, but I haven’t found one.
4 c - I’ve been touring European cities, so I’ve seen dozens of churches.
5 f - I’ve been following the coastal path and I’ve walked ten miles.
6 d - I’ve been visiting local markets and I’ve spent a fortune.
dozen = 12
score = 20
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I have written 30 books. = All 30 books are finished. I wrote them entirely in the past.
I have been writing 30 books. = All 30 books are still in progress. I’m working on all of them now.
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How many/How much -> present perfect (almost always)
How much money have you spent?
How many books have you bought?
How many churches have you seen?

How long (= How much time) -> present perfect continuous (usually)
How long have you been teaching?
How long have you been touring European cities?

How long have you been here? (“be here” isn’t an action, so no “have you been being”)
How long have you lived here? (= How long have you been living here., both are correct)
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p. 60 - Where do you think these pictures were taken?
part 1 - Where (among the pictures or other places you know) can you find each of these things?
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p. 64 part 1 - Tell your partners if you have ever had problems with these things while traveling. What happened? How did you solve it?
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FREE CLASS today at 2pm and 3pm
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motion sickness includes being seasick, carsick, and airsick
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I have been a lucky traveler so far.
(so far = before now but it might change in the future)
“so far” almost always goes with a perfect tense

I’ve been lucky until now.
(until now = before now, but now it’s changing)
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Homework: test (email me at greg.malivuk@gmail.com if you want me to send you the document)
write a postcard from a real or imagined trip using the guidelines on p. 65