2019-08-14 Core: 7 cities, used to, would

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 84 part 2 - Complete these sentences about New York City. Then write five more sentences with the other words.
Check your answers with a partner, and check that your partner’s additional sentences are written correctly.
1 atmosphere
2 public transportation
3 financial
4 modern
5 built-up (= full of buildings; “up” means “completely”, not high)
6 skyscrapers
7 residents (“residence” sounds the same, but means the place that someone lives)
8 neighborhoods
- In New York, the crime rate is higher than in Boston.
- There are so many open spaces in New York.
- New York is more polluted than Boston.
- New York has run-down stores.
- In New York, there is much more traffic than in Boston.
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Modifying comparatives:
A $105 product is a little/a bit/a little bit/slightly more expensive than a $100 product.
A $200 product is much/a lot/far/way more expensive than a $100 product.
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“very” can modify the basic form of the adjective, but not the comparative
This is very expensive.
NOT: This is very more expensive than that.
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What do you think was on Manhattan Island before a city?
What did the people do?
Read “Before New York”
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wilderness = a wild area (not affected by humans)
slip past = sneak past without being noticed
troops = soldiers
stream = small, fast-moving river

sleep / deep / sheep
slip / dip / ship
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https://welikia.org/explore/mannahatta-map/
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part 5 - Look at the article again and answer these questions in your own words.
1 He has a project to visualize what the area used to look like. His project created the top image.
2 He wanted to show New Yorkers the natural potential of where they live.
3 It reminded him of the nature that used to be there.
- It’s a visualization of what the area used to look like.
- It’s a visualization of how the area used to look.
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Grammar: “would” and “used to” for the past

used to - something that was true for a while in the past but is not true now
	- don’t use it for things that happened once
	- don’t use it for things that are still true now

would - an action that was repeated for a while in the past
	- don’t use it for things that happened once
	- don’t use it for non-actions (have, want)
	- don’t use it for actions that were continuous, not repeated (live)
(very common when people are remembering and describing everyday life in the past)
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BREAK
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+	(subj + used to + base form) Lara used to be more patient.
- 	(subj + didn’t use to + base form) Lara didn’t use to have gray hairs.
? y/n	Did you use to ride a bike?
	Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
? info	What did you use to do?
? subj	Who used to have longer hair?
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part 9 - Rewrite the sentences with “used to” if possible.
1 New York used to be a lot greener than it is now.
2 There used to be a lot of forest and natural landscapes.
3 Residents didn’t use to live in a large city.
4 People used to hunt beavers for their skins.
5 - (This only happened once, so we can’t use “used to”.)
6 What originally used to be in the area where Fifth Avenue is now? (no “did” because it’s a subject question)

“in the area where 5th Ave is now” = “there”
original sentence: What was originally there?
new sentence: What originally used to be there?
	(adverbs like this go before “used to”)

Which sentence in part 9 could also be written with “would”?
- People would hunt beavers for their skins. (This is a past repeated action.)
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p. 85 part 10 - Complete the text with simple past, “used to”, or “would”. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1 moved (happened once -> simple past)
2 would stand / used to stand (“and stare” -> use the base form of “stand”)
3 were (They are still taller than anything I had seen before that time.)
4 were (Probably NYC is still busier than where this person came from in California.)
5 ran / would run / used to run
6 didn’t use to go / didn’t go / wouldn’t go (“wouldn’t go” suggests refusal)
7 didn’t own / didn’t use to own
8 would take / took / used to take (“would” is most likely, because the author sounds nostalgic here)
9 would have / used to have / had
10 would go / used to go / went
11 was
12 was / used to be

The Empire State Building used to be taller than every other building in the world.
(This was true for a while in the past, but now isn’t true any more.)
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Simple past can be used for all of these sentences. We use “used to” or “would” instead if we want to emphasize that something is different now or to give a feeling of nostalgia or remembrance.
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p. 85 part 11 - Complete these sentences so they’re true for you, and talk about your answers with your partners.
1 Before I studied here, I used to work in an office.
2 When I was in elementary school, I would play with dolls with my sister.
3 Before I moved here, my family used to help me with money.
4 During the first vacation I can remember, I went fishing and camping.
5 Whenever I had a test at school, I used to be nervous.
6 In my family, on weekends we would go to churth.
7 The first time I left home, I was excited.
8 As a child, I used to have longer hair.
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Homework: read p. 87, then do parts 1 and 4 on p. 86