enum FooStatus {
    BAR('br'), TAR('tr')
    final static String id
}

class Foo {
    FooStatus status

    static constraints = {
        status(inList:FooStatus.values()*.id,size:2..2)
    }
}

enum FooStatus {
   BAR('br'),
   TAR('tr')
   private FooStatus(String id) { this.id = id }
   final String id

   static FooStatus byId(String id) {
      values().find { it.id == id }
   }
}

class Foo {
   String status

   FooStatus getFooStatus() { status ? FooStatus.byId(status) : null }
   void setFooStatus(FooStatus fooStatus) { status = fooStatus.id }

   static transients = ['fooStatus']

   static constraints = {
      status inList: FooStatus.values()*.id
   }

   static mapping = {
      status sqlType: 'char(2)'
   }
}

import org.codehaus.groovy.grails.orm.hibernate.cfg.IdentityEnumType

class MyDomainClass {
    Status status

    static mapping = {
        status(type: IdentityEnumType)
    }

    enum Status {
        FOO("F"), BAR("B")
        String id
        Status(String id) { this.id = id }
    }
}

DataSource dataSource
...
Sql sql = new Sql(dataSource)
sql.execute("alter table my_domain_class change column status status varchar(1) not null")

class DomainClass {
    Status status
    static mapping = {
         status(enumType: "string")
    }
}

enum Status {
    OPEN     ("OPEN"),
    CLOSED   ("CLOSED"),
    ...

    String name
    Status (String name) {
        this.name = name
    }
}