Structure 2013-06-12

p. 112
2 the
3 A
4 the
5 the (specific part that thaws in summer)
6 the
7 a
8 the
9 -- (CO2 in general, like methane generally)
perma = permanent (forever)
frost = a thin layer of ice on the ground
sub = below / less than
10 The
11 a
12 -- (plastic trash in general)
13 an
14 the
15 the
16 The
17 the
18 --
19 the
20 the
21 --
22 the
23 the
debris = dirt and leftover trash from something that is destroyed
witness (v) = see with one's own eyes
---
p. 121
1 e (successful / NOT Sussex-ful)
(rules of succession = who will be king next)
2 g
e.g.=exempli gratia (for the sake of example)
i.e.=id est (that is; in other words)
etc. = et cetera (and so on)
3 d (authorized e.g. by the government)
4 c
5 i
6 f
7 a
8 b (the jury is "out" if it hasn't yet decided on guilt or innocence in court)
9 h
---
Quantifiers:

singular count nouns - one, each, every

"dual" count nouns (2) - two, both, a couple of

plural count nouns -
few: negative; it's not enough "few friends" :-(
a few: neutral; it could be OK "a few friends" :-)
fewer, fewest
several
a number of
many
a great many

non-count nouns -
little (negative), a little (neutral)
less, least
much (not much, how much, too much)
a great deal of

plural count and non-count -
no, any, some
enough
a lot of / lots of
plenty of
most
all

---
I have some water. (affirmative)
I don't have any money. (negative)
Would you like some water? (offer question)
Could I have some water? (request question)
Do we have any water? (other question)
---
2 Y
3 N
4 Y (grammatical, a little different meaning)
5 N
6 N
7 Y
8 N
9 Y
10 N ("great deal" with non-count)
11 N
12 N (changes the meaning too much: "little use" means useless, "a little use" means somewhat useful)
---
Exercise 3:
2 less (complaining about not enough $)
even less: surprisingly less (e.g. we already have very little money, and it will be even lower next month)
even + comparative: more in the same direction
"This is cheap now, but if I go to the outlet mall it will be even cheaper."

Homework: finish exercise 3

http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk