<aura:component controller="MyController" implements="flexipage:availableForAllPageTypes,force:appHostable,force:hasRecordId,force:hasSObjectName,force:lightningQuickAction" >
    . . .
    (omitted code)
    . . .
    <aura:handler name="init" value="{!this}" action="{!c.doInit}"/>
    <aura:handler name="destroy" value="{!this}" action="{!c.handleDestroy}"/>
    <aura:handler event="aura:locationChange" value="{!this}" action="{!c.handleLocationChange}"/>
</aura:component>

({

    . . . omitted code . . .

    doInit: function( component, event, helper ) {

        console.log( "doInit" );

    },

    handleDestroy : function( component, event, helper ) {

        console.log( "handleDestroy" );

    },

    handleLocationChange: function( component, event, helper ) {

        console.log( "location change" );

    }

})