layer = iface.activeLayer()
    layer
    <qgis._core.QgsVectorLayer object at 0x0000000012DFC1E0>
    shp_path = layer.dataProvider().dataSourceUri().split('|')[0]
    shp_path
    u'C:/GIS/GIS_Kirchenkreise/13 GIS/Grundlagen/Daten_aufbereitet/Wahlkreise_Test.shp'
    print (QgsVectorFileWriter.deleteShapeFile(shp_path))
    False