// Empty checks
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Checks if a CharSequence is empty ("") or null.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.isEmpty(null)      = true
     * StringUtils.isEmpty("")        = true
     * StringUtils.isEmpty(" ")       = false
     * StringUtils.isEmpty("bob")     = false
     * StringUtils.isEmpty("  bob  ") = false
     * </pre>
     *
     * <p>NOTE: This method changed in Lang version 2.0.
     * It no longer trims the CharSequence.
     * That functionality is available in isBlank().</p>
     *
     * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is empty or null
     * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isEmpty(String) to isEmpty(CharSequence)
     */
    public static boolean isEmpty(final CharSequence cs) {
        return cs == null || cs.length() == 0;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Checks if a CharSequence is not empty ("") and not null.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.isNotEmpty(null)      = false
     * StringUtils.isNotEmpty("")        = false
     * StringUtils.isNotEmpty(" ")       = true
     * StringUtils.isNotEmpty("bob")     = true
     * StringUtils.isNotEmpty("  bob  ") = true
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param cs  the CharSequence to check, may be null
     * @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is not empty and not null
     * @since 3.0 Changed signature from isNotEmpty(String) to isNotEmpty(CharSequence)
     */
    public static boolean isNotEmpty(final CharSequence cs) {
        return !isEmpty(cs);
    }

    /**
     * <p>Checks if any one of the CharSequences are empty ("") or null.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.isAnyEmpty(null)             = true
     * StringUtils.isAnyEmpty(null, "foo")      = true
     * StringUtils.isAnyEmpty("", "bar")        = true
     * StringUtils.isAnyEmpty("bob", "")        = true
     * StringUtils.isAnyEmpty("  bob  ", null)  = true
     * StringUtils.isAnyEmpty(" ", "bar")       = false
     * StringUtils.isAnyEmpty("foo", "bar")     = false
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param css  the CharSequences to check, may be null or empty
     * @return {@code true} if any of the CharSequences are empty or null
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static boolean isAnyEmpty(final CharSequence... css) {
      if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(css)) {
        return true;
      }
      for (final CharSequence cs : css){
        if (isEmpty(cs)) {
          return true;
        }
      }
      return false;
    }

    /**
     * <p>Checks if none of the CharSequences are empty ("") or null.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.isNoneEmpty(null)             = false
     * StringUtils.isNoneEmpty(null, "foo")      = false
     * StringUtils.isNoneEmpty("", "bar")        = false
     * StringUtils.isNoneEmpty("bob", "")        = false
     * StringUtils.isNoneEmpty("  bob  ", null)  = false
     * StringUtils.isNoneEmpty(" ", "bar")       = true
     * StringUtils.isNoneEmpty("foo", "bar")     = true
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param css  the CharSequences to check, may be null or empty
     * @return {@code true} if none of the CharSequences are empty or null
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static boolean isNoneEmpty(final CharSequence... css) {
      return !isAnyEmpty(css);
    }


    // Joining
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * <p>Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String
     * containing the provided list of elements.</p>
     *
     * <p>No separator is added to the joined String.
     * Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by
     * empty strings.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null)            = null
     * StringUtils.join([])              = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null])          = ""
     * StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"]) = "abc"
     * StringUtils.join([null, "", "a"]) = "a"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param <T> the specific type of values to join together
     * @param elements  the values to join together, may be null
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 2.0
     * @since 3.0 Changed signature to use varargs
     */
    public static <T> String join(final T... elements) {
        return join(elements, null);
    }

    /**
     * <p>Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String
     * containing the provided list of elements.</p>
     *
     * <p>No delimiter is added before or after the list.
     * Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by
     * empty strings.</p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null, *)               = null
     * StringUtils.join([], *)                 = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null], *)             = ""
     * StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"], ';')  = "a;b;c"
     * StringUtils.join(["a", "b", "c"], null) = "abc"
     * StringUtils.join([null, "", "a"], ';')  = ";;a"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param array  the array of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator  the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public static String join(final Object[] array, final char separator) {
        if (array == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of elements.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented
     * by empty strings.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null, *)               = null
     * StringUtils.join([], *)                 = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null], *)             = ""
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], ';')  = "1;2;3"
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param array
     *            the array of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator
     *            the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static String join(final long[] array, final char separator) {
        if (array == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of elements.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented
     * by empty strings.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null, *)               = null
     * StringUtils.join([], *)                 = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null], *)             = ""
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], ';')  = "1;2;3"
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param array
     *            the array of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator
     *            the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static String join(final int[] array, final char separator) {
        if (array == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of elements.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented
     * by empty strings.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null, *)               = null
     * StringUtils.join([], *)                 = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null], *)             = ""
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], ';')  = "1;2;3"
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param array
     *            the array of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator
     *            the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static String join(final short[] array, final char separator) {
        if (array == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of elements.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented
     * by empty strings.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null, *)               = null
     * StringUtils.join([], *)                 = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null], *)             = ""
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], ';')  = "1;2;3"
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param array
     *            the array of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator
     *            the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static String join(final byte[] array, final char separator) {
        if (array == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of elements.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented
     * by empty strings.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null, *)               = null
     * StringUtils.join([], *)                 = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null], *)             = ""
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], ';')  = "1;2;3"
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param array
     *            the array of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator
     *            the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static String join(final char[] array, final char separator) {
        if (array == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
    }

    /**
     * <p>
     * Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of elements.
     * </p>
     *
     * <p>
     * No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented
     * by empty strings.
     * </p>
     *
     * <pre>
     * StringUtils.join(null, *)               = null
     * StringUtils.join([], *)                 = ""
     * StringUtils.join([null], *)             = ""
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], ';')  = "1;2;3"
     * StringUtils.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param array
     *            the array of values to join together, may be null
     * @param separator
     *            the separator character to use
     * @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
     * @since 3.2
     */
    public static String join(final float[] array, final char separator) {
        if (array == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
    }