OWL 2 RL Flavor Differences

= Differences between the two OWL 2 RL flavors ==

I provide examples for the semantic differences of the two flavors of OWL 2 RL,
when applied to valid OWL 2 RL ontologies.
See the following discussion for more information about the differences
between the two flavors of OWL 2 RL:

    http://answers.semanticweb.com/questions/13690/owl2-rl-vs-owl2-rlrdf-rules#13696

The ontologies are given here in RDF/Turtle format. If you need them in
a different RDF serialization format, such as RDF/XML, you may use
the following converter:

    http://rdf-translator.appspot.com/

All ontologies have been validated as valid OWL 2 RL ontologies
using the Manchester OWL validator at

    http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/validator/

== Example 1: OWL 2 RL + Direct Semantics Wins ==

Example for OWL 2 RL + Direct Semantics
producing results beyond the OWL 2 RL/RDF rules.
This has to do with the high expressivity of the OWL 2 Direct Semantics,
when dealing with class expressions,
which is beyond the expressivity
provided by the simple first-order rules of the OWL 2 RL/RDF rules.

=== Premise Ontology ===

@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://www.example.org/> .

_:o rdf:type owl:Ontology .
ex:C1 rdf:type owl:Class .
ex:C2 rdf:type owl:Class .
ex:C3 rdf:type owl:Class .
ex:X1 rdf:type owl:Class .
ex:X2 rdf:type owl:Class .

ex:X1 owl:intersectionOf (ex:C1 ex:C2 ex:C3) .
ex:X2 owl:intersectionOf (ex:C1 ex:C2) .

=== Conclusion Ontology ===

@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://www.example.org/> .

_:o rdf:type owl:Ontology .
ex:X1 rdf:type owl:Class .
ex:X2 rdf:type owl:Class .

ex:X1 rdfs:subClassOf ex:X2 .


== Example 2: OWL 2 RL/RDF Rules Wins ==

Example for the OWL 2 RL/RDF rules
producing results beyond OWL 2 RL + Direct Semantics.
This has to do with the "emergent" metamodeling capabilities
of the "OWL Full'ish" OWL 2 RL/RDF rules,
which is beyond the capabilities of the OWL 2 Direct Semantics.

=== Premise Ontology ===

@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://www.example.org/> .

_:o rdf:type owl:Ontology .
ex:Country rdf:type owl:Class .
ex:Land rdf:type owl:Class .

ex:Land owl:sameAs ex:Country .
ex:Germany rdf:type ex:Land .

=== Conclusion Ontology ===

@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix ex:   <http://www.example.org/> .

_:o rdf:type owl:Ontology .
ex:Country rdf:type owl:Class .

ex:Germany rdf:type ex:Country .