find /path/to/check -type f -o -type d | tr A-Z a-z | sort | uniq -d

find /Volumes/BOOTCAMP/ -type f -o -type d | tr A-Z a-z | sort | uniq -d

# cf. http://codesnippets.joyent.com/posts/show/8617
IMAGE="${HOME}/Desktop/Case Sensitive Test.dmg"
VOLNAME="Case Sensitive Test"

hdiutil create "${IMAGE}" -size 10m -fs HFSX -volname "${VOLNAME}" -layout NONE

hdiutil attach "${IMAGE}"

cd "/Volumes/${VOLNAME}"
touch foo.txt Foo.txt
open .
ls -l [Ff]oo.txt
stat -f "inode: %i  --  name: %N" [Ff]oo.txt

cd ~
hdiutil detach "/Volumes/${VOLNAME}"