2019-02-26 TOEFL: word roots, reading fact

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots (list 1) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ab (abduct, abdicate) = off/away
ad (advocate, addition, advance) = on/toward
aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = field/farm
ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = move/walk
ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/friendship
andro (android, androgen) = man/male
anim (animate, animal) = movement/motive
ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy) = humanity
anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against
aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water
arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in importance or power)
archa (archaeology, archaic) = first (in time) / old
art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill (“liberal arts” are the skills traditionally expected of a free (non-slave) person)
astro (astronomy, astrology) = star
aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear
auto (automatic, autograph) = self
bell (belligerent, rebellious) = war
bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch/capture
cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
carn (carnivore, carnal) = flesh/meat
cede/ceed (intercede, exceed) = go
cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = hundred
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TOEFL = Test Of English as a Foreign Language
	- 4 hours long, 4 sections, $205, 120 points total (30 per section)
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, about 14 questions per passage
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets (each set = 3 listenings, 17 questions, 10 minutes to answer)
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes, six questions, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: about 1 hour, two tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- purpose/method
- inference
- reference
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 181-182 - Are each of these statements true or false about the passages?
Passage 1:
A. T
B. F
C. T (“military risks” = “security threat”)
D. T (“doubt as to the feasibility of construction” means some people didn’t think it was a viable idea)
E. F
F. F (There was no construction in 1930, and “the construction of the tunnel” as the subject implies that there was.)
G. F
H. T
“The expense was prohibitive” = The expense “prohibited” building. That is, it was impossible to build because it was too expensive.
- We also have the description “cost-prohibitive” to describe anything that is too expensive to do.
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Passage 2
A. T
B. F (The animal was probably this size, but the fossils they found were much smaller.)
C. F (If it was a land-dwelling animal, the area couldn’t have been underwater at the time.)
D. T
E. T
F. F (The separation of the bones allows them to detect the source.)
G. T
H. T (“the separation of these bones in marine whales” tells us that whales living in the sea have separated bones)
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BREAK
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Longman p. 51 - Take 5 minutes to read and answer the questions about Lake Baikal.
Compare your answers and convince your partner if you disagree.
1 D
2 A - It’s the ninth largest, so 8 other lakes are larger.
3 D - fresh water, not all water
4 C
5 B
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- scan for key words from the question
- scan for key words from the answer choices
- eliminate answer choices you know are incorrect
- guess among remaining choices
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p. 52 - 5 minutes about the postage stamp
6 C (1837 is between 1800 and 1850, so it’s the first half of the 19th century)
7 A (should be based on weight and should be paid in advance (before - by the sender))
8 D
9 B
10 C
p. 53 - 5 minutes for Clovis Culture.
11 A
12 D
13 C
14 B
15 D
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Cengage p. 32-33 - scan the passage to find the answers to questions 11-20
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p. 38-40 - Take 7 minutes to scan passage 2 for the answers to questions 12-18
12 D
13 D (1 course = 1 note, “there are from twelve to twenty-two courses”)
14 C (“some musicologists challenge this classification” - paragraph 2)
15 A (The other three are all mentioned, but the santir is mentioned in paragraph 1.)
16 B
17 A
18 C
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Homework: Answer the questions for passage 1 (35-38) and 3 (40-42).
	Also: answer the T/F questions from passages 3 and 4 on the first handout