var f = document.getElementById("colors");
f.onchange = function() {
    var n = f.querySelectorAll('[type="checkbox"]'),
        l = f.querySelectorAll('[type="checkbox"]:checked');
    for (var j = 0; j < n.length; j++)
        if (l.length >= 1) {
            n[j].disabled = true;
            for (var i = 0; i < l.length; i++)
                l[i].disabled = false;
        } else {
            n[j].disabled = false;
        }
}

var f = document.getElementById("colors");

var f = document.getElementById("morning");

<a href="#" onclick="id1()">Текст</a>

var ids = 0;
function id1() {
   var ids = 'colors';
   alert(ids);
};
var f = document.getElementById(ids);
f.onchange = function() {
    var n = f.querySelectorAll('[type="checkbox"]'),
        l = f.querySelectorAll('[type="checkbox"]:checked');
    for (var j = 0; j < n.length; j++)
        if (l.length >= 1) {
            n[j].disabled = true;
            for (var i = 0; i < l.length; i++)
                l[i].disabled = false;
        } else {
            n[j].disabled = false;
        }
}

var ids = ["home", "morning", "colors"];
for (var i = 0; i < ids.length; i++)
{
    addChangeEventListener(ids[i]);
}

function addChangeEventListener(id)
{
    var f = document.getElementById(id);
    f.onchange = function() {
        var n = f.querySelectorAll('[type="checkbox"]');
        var l = f.querySelectorAll('[type="checkbox"]:checked');
        for (var j = 0; j < n.length; j++)
        {
            if (l.length >= 1)
            {
                n[j].disabled = true;
                for (var i = 0; i < l.length; i++)
                {
                    l[i].disabled = false;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                n[j].disabled = false;
            }
        }
    };
}