2019-10-12 Saturday: 3 Water

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
---
Homework: units 1-2 test
---
p. 33 - What are the women in the picture doing?
part 2 - With your partner, guess which numbers complete each sentence.
1 70
2 3
3 46
4 10
5 200
How much water do you think you personally use? Do you do anything to reduce this amount?
gray water = water that has been used for washing things, but which can still be used for flushing or watering plants
drought = a long period without rain
---
p. 35 - What is happening in each of these pictures?
A - People are snorkeling with a shark in the ocean.
B - People are rafting in a river.
C - A man is swimming in a cenote.
---
Vocabulary - water and recreation
part 1 - With your partner, decide which place in the second box is best for each activity in the first box.
	(If you and your partner don’t know a word, use a dictionary, not a translator.)
	http://www.learnersdictionary.com is a good one for English students
Note: all of these are “go” activities
	I go diving every weekend. I’m going fishing tomorrow. I went jet-skiing last month.
“diving” can be from a diving board or with scuba tanks, but “go diving” would probably be scuba
---
part 4 - Listen to the speakers and decide if each statement is true or false.
1 T
2 F - They were coming down from rapids.
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 F
part 5 - What do you think happened next? Listen and check.
1 b
2 c
“I hope for their sake that it was ‘c’.”
---
Grammar: simple past and past continuous
---
meaning: actions that were in progress at a particular time in the past
	At 7pm yesterday, I was eating dinner. = I started dinner before 7 and finished after 7.
form: was/were + verb(ing)
---
We can only use past continuous for actions that take some time and can be interrupted by other events.
If another action interrupts a continuing action, use simple past:
	When you called, I was eating dinner.
	I was eating dinner when you called.
	While I was eating dinner, you called.
	You called while I was eating dinner.
	(In these sentences, “when you called” denotes a specific time, just like “at 7pm”.)

- simple past with a particular time often means “after”:
	I ate dinner at 7pm yesterday. = I started at 7.
	I cooked dinner when my wife got home. = I started after she got home. (I was waiting for her.)
---
simple past: I ate dinner at 7pm yesterday. = I started dinner at 7.
past continuous: I was eating dinner at 7pm yesterday. = I started dinner before 7 and finished after 7.
(past perfect: I had already eaten dinner at 7pm yesterday. = I started and finished dinner before 7.)
---
If there is a causal relationship between the two actions, use “so” or “because” with these tenses:
	I didn’t answer the phone because I was sleeping.
	I was sleeping, so I didn’t answer the phone.
---
p. 35 part 10 - Write sentences with these actions in the correct tense and “when”, “while”, “so”, or “because” (use each conjunction once)
1 I was taking a photo of the hippo when I dropped my camera in the water.
2 My friend fell out of the raft because he wasn’t holding on.
3 I saw some strange fish while I was diving.
4 I was having some problems with my mask, so my brother helped me.
  (I had/was having some problems with my mask, so my brother helped/was helping me.)
---
BREAK
---
What do you know about the Titanic? (the ship, not the movie)
- It was the biggest ship at that time.
- Many people died.
- The ship hit an iceberg and sank.
	(sink/sank/sunk)
- This happened on April 15, 1912.
---
p. 36 - Read “Return to the Titanic”
part 1 - Which question goes with each answer in the text?
1 b
2 a
3 d
---
Titanic timeline:
1912 - April 10: it left Southampton
1912 - April 15: it hit an iceberg then sank, 1500 people died
???? - champagne boxes disappeared
1960s - to submarines disappeared
1985 (or ‘84?) - US Navy agreed to fund underwater video development
1985 - Ballard located the wreck
1985 - they realized what it was and celebrated
1985 - they realized it was where people had died and held a memorial service
‘85-‘04 - he asked people to treat it with respect
	- private salvage company removed objects
	- Russian submarine took Cameron to the wreck
	- A couple got married
2004 - Ballard returned to the wreck, saw champagne bottles, saw shoes, people “spoke” to him again
---
What do you notice about the tenses of the events in paragraph 3?
- Things that happened in 2004 are simple past or past continuous.
- Things that happened before 2004 are in past perfect.
(In paragraphs 1 and 2, it’s the same, but for 1985.)
---
Grammar: past perfect
---
meaning: something that happened before a particular time in the past
- Telling stories is one of the most common uses of past perfect. The main action of the story is in simple past (and past continuous), and any background events that happened earlier are past perfect.
form: had + past participle
---
In general:
	perfect = [have] + past participle
	continuous = [be] + present participle (verb+ing)
	passive = [be] + past participle
---
One key difference between past perfect and present perfect is that past perfect can include the specific time when something happened.
	A New York couple had even gotten married on the Titanic’s bow in 2001.
(Both simple past and present perfect “become” past perfect when we change the focus time.)
---
p. 37 part 7 - Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1 had been
2 sank
3 was
4 had disappeared
5 hadn’t located
6 had visited
- If a conjunction implies the order (before, after, because, etc.), we generally don’t need past perfect for the first action unless we’re in the middle of a story focused on the time of the second action.
---
I had eaten dinner when she got home.
---
Lateral Thinking Puzzles
- Ask yes/no questions to try to figure out the explanations of each situation.
Hint: every situation is related to water
---
p. 41 - Read the blog post.
part 3 - Put these events in order.
1 c
2 d (This had happened during the storm.)
3 b
4 f
5 e
6 g
7 a
part 4a - What words in the post are used instead of the bold words in part 3?
ran - rushed down
started to shine - came out
got - jumped
picked up - grabbed
went - headed down
---
Some words are more interesting because they give more detail about how something happened, while others are interesting simply because they’re less common.
---
part 4b - Which words in the text have these meanings?
raining = pouring (raining very hard)
full of people = packed (so crowded it’s hard to move)
looking = staring (looking continuously and intently)
arrived = got there (this really isn’t any more interesting or unusual)
holding = clutching (holding tightly)
---
part 4c - Which words can complete each sentence?
1 raced
2 exhausted
3 boiling
4 scrambled = climbed quickly up something steep with your arms to help
5 wandered = walked with no particular goal
6 collapsed
---
Homework: write a blog post about a real or invented weekend, using grammar from this unit and some of the “interesting” vocabulary from p. 41
	Also: read p. 51 and do p. 50 parts 2, 3, 4