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LACabeza

Amrinone

LACabeza
Jan 4th, 2016
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  1. <drug type="small molecule" created="2007-07-24" updated="2014-03-28">
  2.   <drugbank-id primary="true">DB01427</drugbank-id>
  3.   <name>Amrinone</name>
  4.   <description>Amrinone (or inamrinone) is a type 3 pyridine phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.</description>
  5.   <cas-number>60719-84-8</cas-number>
  6.   <groups>
  7.     <group>approved</group>
  8.   </groups>
  9.   <general-references/>
  10.   <synthesis-reference>Lesher,G.Y. and Opalka, C.J.; US. Patent 4,004,012; January 18,1977; assigned to Sterling&#13;
  11. Drug Inc.&#13;
  12. Lesher, G.Y. and Opalka, C.J.; U.S. Patent 4,107,315; August 15,1978; assigned to Sterling&#13;
  13. Drug Inc.</synthesis-reference>
  14.   <indication>Used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.</indication>
  15.   <pharmacodynamics>Amrinone is a positive inotropic cardiotonic with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.</pharmacodynamics>
  16.   <mechanism-of-action>Amrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE3), resulting in increased cAMP and cGMP which leads to an increase in the calcium influx like that caused by beta-agonists resulting in increased inotropic effect.</mechanism-of-action>
  17.   <toxicity/>
  18.   <metabolism>Hepatic.</metabolism>
  19.   <absorption/>
  20.   <half-life>5 to 8 hours</half-life>
  21.   <protein-binding>10 to 49%</protein-binding>
  22.   <route-of-elimination>The primary route of excretion in man is via the urine as both inamrinone and several metabolites (N-glycolyl, N-acetate, O-glucuronide and N-glucuronide).</route-of-elimination>
  23.   <volume-of-distribution>* 1.2 L/kg [normal volunteers]</volume-of-distribution>
  24.   <clearance/>
  25.   <classification>
  26.     <description>This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bipyridines and oligopyridines. These are organic compounds containing two pyridine rings linked to each other.</description>
  27.     <direct-parent>Bipyridines and oligopyridines</direct-parent>
  28.     <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
  29.     <superclass>Organoheterocyclic compounds</superclass>
  30.     <class>Pyridines and derivatives</class>
  31.     <subclass>Bipyridines and oligopyridines</subclass>
  32.     <alternative-parent>Aminopyridines and derivatives</alternative-parent>
  33.     <alternative-parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative-parent>
  34.     <alternative-parent>Dihydropyridines</alternative-parent>
  35.     <alternative-parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative-parent>
  36.     <alternative-parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative-parent>
  37.     <alternative-parent>Lactams</alternative-parent>
  38.     <alternative-parent>Organooxygen compounds</alternative-parent>
  39.     <alternative-parent>Primary aromatic amines</alternative-parent>
  40.     <alternative-parent>Pyridinones</alternative-parent>
  41.     <substituent>Amine</substituent>
  42.     <substituent>Aminopyridine</substituent>
  43.     <substituent>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
  44.     <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
  45.     <substituent>Bipyridine</substituent>
  46.     <substituent>Dihydropyridine</substituent>
  47.     <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
  48.     <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
  49.     <substituent>Hydropyridine</substituent>
  50.     <substituent>Lactam</substituent>
  51.     <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
  52.     <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
  53.     <substituent>Primary amine</substituent>
  54.     <substituent>Primary aromatic amine</substituent>
  55.     <substituent>Pyridinone</substituent>
  56.   </classification>
  57.   <salts/>
  58.   <synonyms>
  59.     <synonym language="" coder="">Amcoral</synonym>
  60.     <synonym language="Spanish" coder="INN">Amrinona</synonym>
  61.     <synonym language="Latin" coder="INN">Amrinonum</synonym>
  62.     <synonym language="" coder="USAN">Inamrinone</synonym>
  63.   </synonyms>
  64.   <products>
  65.     <product>
  66.       <name>Inocor  Liq 5mg/ml</name>
  67.       <ndc-id/>
  68.       <ndc-product-code/>
  69.       <dpd-id>02017644</dpd-id>
  70.       <started-marketing-on>1984-12-31</started-marketing-on>
  71.       <ended-marketing-on>2000-07-24</ended-marketing-on>
  72.       <dosage-form>liquid</dosage-form>
  73.       <strength>5 mg</strength>
  74.       <route>intravenous</route>
  75.       <fda-application-number/>
  76.       <generic>false</generic>
  77.       <over-the-counter>false</over-the-counter>
  78.       <approved>true</approved>
  79.       <country>Canada</country>
  80.       <source>DPD</source>
  81.     </product>
  82.   </products>
  83.   <international-brands>
  84.     <international-brand>
  85.       <name>Amcoral</name>
  86.       <company/>
  87.     </international-brand>
  88.     <international-brand>
  89.       <name>Inocor</name>
  90.       <company/>
  91.     </international-brand>
  92.   </international-brands>
  93.   <mixtures>
  94.     <mixture>
  95.       <name>Inocor  Liq 5mg/ml</name>
  96.       <ingredients>Amrinone</ingredients>
  97.     </mixture>
  98.   </mixtures>
  99.   <packagers>
  100.     <packager>
  101.       <name>Bedford Labs</name>
  102.       <url>http://www.bedfordlabs.com</url>
  103.     </packager>
  104.     <packager>
  105.       <name>Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.</name>
  106.       <url>http://www.benvenue.com</url>
  107.     </packager>
  108.     <packager>
  109.       <name>Taylor Pharmaceuticals</name>
  110.       <url/>
  111.     </packager>
  112.   </packagers>
  113.   <manufacturers/>
  114.   <prices/>
  115.   <categories>
  116.     <category>
  117.       <category>Cardiotonic Agents</category>
  118.       <mesh-id/>
  119.     </category>
  120.     <category>
  121.       <category>Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors</category>
  122.       <mesh-id/>
  123.     </category>
  124.     <category>
  125.       <category>Vasodilator Agents</category>
  126.       <mesh-id/>
  127.     </category>
  128.     <category>
  129.       <category>Calcium Channel Blockers</category>
  130.       <mesh-id/>
  131.     </category>
  132.   </categories>
  133.   <affected-organisms>
  134.     <affected-organism>Humans and other mammals</affected-organism>
  135.   </affected-organisms>
  136.   <dosages>
  137.     <dosage>
  138.       <form>Liquid</form>
  139.       <route>intravenous</route>
  140.       <strength>5 mg</strength>
  141.     </dosage>
  142.   </dosages>
  143.   <atc-codes>
  144.     <atc-code code="C01CE01">
  145.       <level code="C">CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM</level>
  146.       <level code="C01">CARDIAC THERAPY</level>
  147.       <level code="C01C">CARDIAC STIMULANTS EXCL. CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES</level>
  148.       <level code="C01CE">Phosphodiesterase inhibitors</level>
  149.     </atc-code>
  150.   </atc-codes>
  151.   <ahfs-codes/>
  152.   <patents/>
  153.   <food-interactions/>
  154.   <drug-interactions>
  155.     <drug-interaction>
  156.       <drugbank-id>DB01351</drugbank-id>
  157.       <name>Amobarbital</name>
  158.       <description>Barbiturates may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  159.     </drug-interaction>
  160.     <drug-interaction>
  161.       <drugbank-id>DB00732</drugbank-id>
  162.       <name>Atracurium besylate</name>
  163.       <description>May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing).</description>
  164.     </drug-interaction>
  165.     <drug-interaction>
  166.       <drugbank-id>DB00237</drugbank-id>
  167.       <name>Butabarbital</name>
  168.       <description>Barbiturates may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  169.     </drug-interaction>
  170.     <drug-interaction>
  171.       <drugbank-id>DB00241</drugbank-id>
  172.       <name>Butalbital</name>
  173.       <description>Barbiturates may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  174.     </drug-interaction>
  175.     <drug-interaction>
  176.       <drugbank-id>DB00258</drugbank-id>
  177.       <name>Calcium Acetate</name>
  178.       <description>Calcium Salts may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  179.     </drug-interaction>
  180.     <drug-interaction>
  181.       <drugbank-id>DB06724</drugbank-id>
  182.       <name>Calcium carbonate</name>
  183.       <description>Calcium Salts may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  184.     </drug-interaction>
  185.     <drug-interaction>
  186.       <drugbank-id>DB01164</drugbank-id>
  187.       <name>Calcium Chloride</name>
  188.       <description>Calcium Salts may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  189.     </drug-interaction>
  190.     <drug-interaction>
  191.       <drugbank-id>DB00501</drugbank-id>
  192.       <name>Cimetidine</name>
  193.       <description>Cimetidine may increase the serum concentration of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  194.     </drug-interaction>
  195.     <drug-interaction>
  196.       <drugbank-id>DB00565</drugbank-id>
  197.       <name>Cisatracurium besylate</name>
  198.       <description>May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing).</description>
  199.     </drug-interaction>
  200.     <drug-interaction>
  201.       <drugbank-id>DB01211</drugbank-id>
  202.       <name>Clarithromycin</name>
  203.       <description>Macrolide Antibiotics may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  204.     </drug-interaction>
  205.     <drug-interaction>
  206.       <drugbank-id>DB00758</drugbank-id>
  207.       <name>Clopidogrel</name>
  208.       <description>May diminish the therapeutic effect of Clopidogrel.</description>
  209.     </drug-interaction>
  210.     <drug-interaction>
  211.       <drugbank-id>DB00590</drugbank-id>
  212.       <name>Doxazosin</name>
  213.       <description>Alpha1-Blockers may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  214.     </drug-interaction>
  215.     <drug-interaction>
  216.       <drugbank-id>DB00625</drugbank-id>
  217.       <name>Efavirenz</name>
  218.       <description>Efavirenz may decrease the serum concentration of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  219.     </drug-interaction>
  220.     <drug-interaction>
  221.       <drugbank-id>DB00199</drugbank-id>
  222.       <name>Erythromycin</name>
  223.       <description>Macrolide Antibiotics may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  224.     </drug-interaction>
  225.     <drug-interaction>
  226.       <drugbank-id>DB00196</drugbank-id>
  227.       <name>Fluconazole</name>
  228.       <description>Fluconazole may increase the serum concentration of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  229.     </drug-interaction>
  230.     <drug-interaction>
  231.       <drugbank-id>DB01320</drugbank-id>
  232.       <name>Fosphenytoin</name>
  233.       <description>May increase the serum concentration of Fosphenytoin.</description>
  234.     </drug-interaction>
  235.     <drug-interaction>
  236.       <drugbank-id>DB01167</drugbank-id>
  237.       <name>Itraconazole</name>
  238.       <description>Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers. Specifically, Itraconazole may enhance the negative inotropic effects of verapamil or diltiazem. Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers. Fluconazole and isavuconazonium likely exert weaker effects than other azoles and are addressed in separate monographs.</description>
  239.     </drug-interaction>
  240.     <drug-interaction>
  241.       <drugbank-id>DB01026</drugbank-id>
  242.       <name>Ketoconazole</name>
  243.       <description>Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers. Specifically, itraconazole may enhance the negative inotropic effects of verapamil or diltiazem. Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers. Fluconazole and isavuconazonium likely exert weaker effects than other azoles and are addressed in separate monographs.</description>
  244.     </drug-interaction>
  245.     <drug-interaction>
  246.       <drugbank-id>DB09104</drugbank-id>
  247.       <name>Magnesium hydroxide</name>
  248.       <description>May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Magnesium Salts. Magnesium Salts may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  249.     </drug-interaction>
  250.     <drug-interaction>
  251.       <drugbank-id>DB01377</drugbank-id>
  252.       <name>Magnesium oxide</name>
  253.       <description>May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Magnesium Salts. Magnesium Salts may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  254.     </drug-interaction>
  255.     <drug-interaction>
  256.       <drugbank-id>DB01397</drugbank-id>
  257.       <name>Magnesium salicylate</name>
  258.       <description>May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Magnesium Salts. Magnesium Salts may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  259.     </drug-interaction>
  260.     <drug-interaction>
  261.       <drugbank-id>DB00653</drugbank-id>
  262.       <name>Magnesium Sulfate</name>
  263.       <description>May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Magnesium Salts. Magnesium Salts may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  264.     </drug-interaction>
  265.     <drug-interaction>
  266.       <drugbank-id>DB00474</drugbank-id>
  267.       <name>Methohexital</name>
  268.       <description>Barbiturates may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  269.     </drug-interaction>
  270.     <drug-interaction>
  271.       <drugbank-id>DB00607</drugbank-id>
  272.       <name>Nafcillin</name>
  273.       <description>Nafcillin may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  274.     </drug-interaction>
  275.     <drug-interaction>
  276.       <drugbank-id>DB00325</drugbank-id>
  277.       <name>Nitroprusside</name>
  278.       <description>May enhance the hypotensive effect of Nitroprusside.</description>
  279.     </drug-interaction>
  280.     <drug-interaction>
  281.       <drugbank-id>DB01337</drugbank-id>
  282.       <name>Pancuronium</name>
  283.       <description>May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing).</description>
  284.     </drug-interaction>
  285.     <drug-interaction>
  286.       <drugbank-id>DB00312</drugbank-id>
  287.       <name>Pentobarbital</name>
  288.       <description>Barbiturates may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  289.     </drug-interaction>
  290.     <drug-interaction>
  291.       <drugbank-id>DB01174</drugbank-id>
  292.       <name>Phenobarbital</name>
  293.       <description>Barbiturates may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  294.     </drug-interaction>
  295.     <drug-interaction>
  296.       <drugbank-id>DB00925</drugbank-id>
  297.       <name>Phenoxybenzamine</name>
  298.       <description>Alpha1-Blockers may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  299.     </drug-interaction>
  300.     <drug-interaction>
  301.       <drugbank-id>DB00692</drugbank-id>
  302.       <name>Phentolamine</name>
  303.       <description>Alpha1-Blockers may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  304.     </drug-interaction>
  305.     <drug-interaction>
  306.       <drugbank-id>DB00252</drugbank-id>
  307.       <name>Phenytoin</name>
  308.       <description>May increase the serum concentration of Phenytoin. Phenytoin may decrease the serum concentration of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  309.     </drug-interaction>
  310.     <drug-interaction>
  311.       <drugbank-id>DB01263</drugbank-id>
  312.       <name>Posaconazole</name>
  313.       <description>Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers. Specifically, itraconazole may enhance the negative inotropic effects of verapamil or diltiazem. Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers. Fluconazole and isavuconazonium likely exert weaker effects than other azoles and are addressed in separate monographs.</description>
  314.     </drug-interaction>
  315.     <drug-interaction>
  316.       <drugbank-id>DB00457</drugbank-id>
  317.       <name>Prazosin</name>
  318.       <description>Alpha1-Blockers may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  319.     </drug-interaction>
  320.     <drug-interaction>
  321.       <drugbank-id>DB00615</drugbank-id>
  322.       <name>Rifabutin</name>
  323.       <description>Rifamycin Derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of Calcium Channel Blockers. This primarily affects oral forms of calcium channel blockers.</description>
  324.     </drug-interaction>
  325.     <drug-interaction>
  326.       <drugbank-id>DB01045</drugbank-id>
  327.       <name>Rifampicin</name>
  328.       <description>Rifamycin Derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of Calcium Channel Blockers. This primarily affects oral forms of calcium channel blockers.</description>
  329.     </drug-interaction>
  330.     <drug-interaction>
  331.       <drugbank-id>DB01201</drugbank-id>
  332.       <name>Rifapentine</name>
  333.       <description>Rifamycin Derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of Calcium Channel Blockers. This primarily affects oral forms of calcium channel blockers.</description>
  334.     </drug-interaction>
  335.     <drug-interaction>
  336.       <drugbank-id>DB00728</drugbank-id>
  337.       <name>Rocuronium</name>
  338.       <description>May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing).</description>
  339.     </drug-interaction>
  340.     <drug-interaction>
  341.       <drugbank-id>DB00418</drugbank-id>
  342.       <name>Secobarbital</name>
  343.       <description>Barbiturates may increase the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  344.     </drug-interaction>
  345.     <drug-interaction>
  346.       <drugbank-id>DB06207</drugbank-id>
  347.       <name>Silodosin</name>
  348.       <description>Alpha1-Blockers may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  349.     </drug-interaction>
  350.     <drug-interaction>
  351.       <drugbank-id>DB00263</drugbank-id>
  352.       <name>Sulfisoxazole</name>
  353.       <description>Macrolide Antibiotics may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  354.     </drug-interaction>
  355.     <drug-interaction>
  356.       <drugbank-id>DB00706</drugbank-id>
  357.       <name>Tamsulosin</name>
  358.       <description>Alpha1-Blockers may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  359.     </drug-interaction>
  360.     <drug-interaction>
  361.       <drugbank-id>DB00976</drugbank-id>
  362.       <name>Telithromycin</name>
  363.       <description>Macrolide Antibiotics may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  364.     </drug-interaction>
  365.     <drug-interaction>
  366.       <drugbank-id>DB01162</drugbank-id>
  367.       <name>Terazosin</name>
  368.       <description>Alpha1-Blockers may enhance the hypotensive effect of Calcium Channel Blockers.</description>
  369.     </drug-interaction>
  370.     <drug-interaction>
  371.       <drugbank-id>DB01339</drugbank-id>
  372.       <name>Vecuronium</name>
  373.       <description>May enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents (Nondepolarizing).</description>
  374.     </drug-interaction>
  375.     <drug-interaction>
  376.       <drugbank-id>DB00582</drugbank-id>
  377.       <name>Voriconazole</name>
  378.       <description>Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers. Specifically, itraconazole may enhance the negative inotropic effects of verapamil or diltiazem. Antifungal Agents (Azole Derivatives, Systemic) may decrease the metabolism of Calcium Channel Blockers. Fluconazole and isavuconazonium likely exert weaker effects than other azoles and are addressed in separate monographs.</description>
  379.     </drug-interaction>
  380.   </drug-interactions>
  381.   <calculated-properties>
  382.     <property>
  383.       <kind>logP</kind>
  384.       <value>0.27</value>
  385.       <source>ALOGPS</source>
  386.     </property>
  387.     <property>
  388.       <kind>logS</kind>
  389.       <value>-1.5</value>
  390.       <source>ALOGPS</source>
  391.     </property>
  392.     <property>
  393.       <kind>Water Solubility</kind>
  394.       <value>5.60e+00 g/l</value>
  395.       <source>ALOGPS</source>
  396.     </property>
  397.     <property>
  398.       <kind>logP</kind>
  399.       <value>-0.57</value>
  400.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  401.     </property>
  402.     <property>
  403.       <kind>IUPAC Name</kind>
  404.       <value>3-amino-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2-dihydropyridin-2-one</value>
  405.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  406.     </property>
  407.     <property>
  408.       <kind>Traditional IUPAC Name</kind>
  409.       <value>amrinone</value>
  410.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  411.     </property>
  412.     <property>
  413.       <kind>Molecular Weight</kind>
  414.       <value>187.198</value>
  415.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  416.     </property>
  417.     <property>
  418.       <kind>Monoisotopic Weight</kind>
  419.       <value>187.074561925</value>
  420.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  421.     </property>
  422.     <property>
  423.       <kind>SMILES</kind>
  424.       <value>NC1=CC(=CNC1=O)C1=CC=NC=C1</value>
  425.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  426.     </property>
  427.     <property>
  428.       <kind>Molecular Formula</kind>
  429.       <value>C10H9N3O</value>
  430.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  431.     </property>
  432.     <property>
  433.       <kind>InChI</kind>
  434.       <value>InChI=1S/C10H9N3O/c11-9-5-8(6-13-10(9)14)7-1-3-12-4-2-7/h1-6H,11H2,(H,13,14)</value>
  435.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  436.     </property>
  437.     <property>
  438.       <kind>InChIKey</kind>
  439.       <value>InChIKey=RNLQIBCLLYYYFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
  440.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  441.     </property>
  442.     <property>
  443.       <kind>Polar Surface Area (PSA)</kind>
  444.       <value>68.01</value>
  445.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  446.     </property>
  447.     <property>
  448.       <kind>Refractivity</kind>
  449.       <value>53.89</value>
  450.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  451.     </property>
  452.     <property>
  453.       <kind>Polarizability</kind>
  454.       <value>18.94</value>
  455.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  456.     </property>
  457.     <property>
  458.       <kind>Rotatable Bond Count</kind>
  459.       <value>1</value>
  460.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  461.     </property>
  462.     <property>
  463.       <kind>H Bond Acceptor Count</kind>
  464.       <value>3</value>
  465.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  466.     </property>
  467.     <property>
  468.       <kind>H Bond Donor Count</kind>
  469.       <value>2</value>
  470.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  471.     </property>
  472.     <property>
  473.       <kind>pKa (strongest acidic)</kind>
  474.       <value>11.01</value>
  475.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  476.     </property>
  477.     <property>
  478.       <kind>pKa (strongest basic)</kind>
  479.       <value>4.87</value>
  480.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  481.     </property>
  482.     <property>
  483.       <kind>Physiological Charge</kind>
  484.       <value>0</value>
  485.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  486.     </property>
  487.     <property>
  488.       <kind>Number of Rings</kind>
  489.       <value>2</value>
  490.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  491.     </property>
  492.     <property>
  493.       <kind>Bioavailability</kind>
  494.       <value>1</value>
  495.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  496.     </property>
  497.     <property>
  498.       <kind>Rule of Five</kind>
  499.       <value>1</value>
  500.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  501.     </property>
  502.     <property>
  503.       <kind>Ghose Filter</kind>
  504.       <value>0</value>
  505.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  506.     </property>
  507.     <property>
  508.       <kind>MDDR-Like Rule</kind>
  509.       <value>0</value>
  510.       <source>ChemAxon</source>
  511.     </property>
  512.   </calculated-properties>
  513.   <experimental-properties>
  514.     <property>
  515.       <kind>Melting Point</kind>
  516.       <value>294-297</value>
  517.       <source>Lesher,G.Y. and Opalka, C.J.; US. Patent 4,004,012; January 18,1977; assigned to Sterling&#13;
  518. Drug Inc.&#13;
  519. Lesher, G.Y. and Opalka, C.J.; U.S. Patent 4,107,315; August 15,1978; assigned to Sterling&#13;
  520. Drug Inc.</source>
  521.     </property>
  522.   </experimental-properties>
  523.   <external-identifiers>
  524.     <external-identifier>
  525.       <resource>Drugs Product Database (DPD)</resource>
  526.       <identifier>13165</identifier>
  527.     </external-identifier>
  528.     <external-identifier>
  529.       <resource>PubChem Compound</resource>
  530.       <identifier>3698</identifier>
  531.     </external-identifier>
  532.     <external-identifier>
  533.       <resource>PubChem Substance</resource>
  534.       <identifier>46504647</identifier>
  535.     </external-identifier>
  536.     <external-identifier>
  537.       <resource>KEGG Compound</resource>
  538.       <identifier>C13594</identifier>
  539.     </external-identifier>
  540.     <external-identifier>
  541.       <resource>KEGG Drug</resource>
  542.       <identifier>D00231</identifier>
  543.     </external-identifier>
  544.     <external-identifier>
  545.       <resource>ChemSpider</resource>
  546.       <identifier>3570</identifier>
  547.     </external-identifier>
  548.     <external-identifier>
  549.       <resource>BindingDB</resource>
  550.       <identifier>34651</identifier>
  551.     </external-identifier>
  552.     <external-identifier>
  553.       <resource>National Drug Code Directory</resource>
  554.       <identifier>55390-042-10</identifier>
  555.     </external-identifier>
  556.     <external-identifier>
  557.       <resource>PharmGKB</resource>
  558.       <identifier>PA164746803</identifier>
  559.     </external-identifier>
  560.     <external-identifier>
  561.       <resource>Wikipedia</resource>
  562.       <identifier>Amrinone</identifier>
  563.     </external-identifier>
  564.   </external-identifiers>
  565.   <external-links/>
  566.   <pathways/>
  567.   <reactions/>
  568.   <snp-effects/>
  569.   <snp-adverse-drug-reactions/>
  570.   <targets>
  571.     <target>
  572.       <id>BE0000436</id>
  573.       <name>cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A</name>
  574.       <organism>Human</organism>
  575.       <actions>
  576.         <action>inhibitor</action>
  577.       </actions>
  578.       <references># Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752352&#13;
  579. # Kobayashi T, Sugawara Y, Ohkubo T, Imamura H, Makuuchi M: Effects of amrinone on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Hepatol. 2002 Jul;37(1):31-8. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076859&#13;
  580. # Ko Y, Morita K, Nagahori R, Kinouchi K, Shinohara G, Kagawa H, Hashimoto K: Myocardial cyclic AMP augmentation with high-dose PDEIII inhibitor in terminal warm blood cardioplegia. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009 Oct;15(5):311-7. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19901885&#13;
  581. # Kucuk C, Akcan A, Akyyldyz H, Akgun H, Muhtaroglu S, Sozuer E: Effects of amrinone in an experimental model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Surg Res. 2009 Jan;151(1):74-9. Epub 2008 Mar 13. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18468627</references>
  582.       <known-action>yes</known-action>
  583.       <polypeptide id="Q14432" source="Swiss-Prot">
  584.     <name>cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A</name>
  585.     <general-function>Involved in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity</general-function>
  586.     <specific-function>Hydrolyzes both cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP)</specific-function>
  587.     <gene-name>PDE3A</gene-name>
  588.     <locus>12p12</locus>
  589.     <cellular-location>Membrane; peripheral membrane protein (Potential)</cellular-location>
  590.     <transmembrane-regions>61-83; 129-151; 158-180; 184-206; 238-255</transmembrane-regions>
  591.     <signal-regions/>
  592.     <theoretical-pi>5.87</theoretical-pi>
  593.     <molecular-weight>124980.0</molecular-weight>
  594.     <chromosome-location/>
  595.     <organism ncbi-taxonomy-id="9606">Human</organism>
  596.     <external-identifiers>
  597.       <external-identifier>
  598.         <resource>HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)</resource>
  599.         <identifier>HGNC:8778</identifier>
  600.       </external-identifier>
  601.       <external-identifier>
  602.         <resource>GenAtlas</resource>
  603.         <identifier>PDE3A</identifier>
  604.       </external-identifier>
  605.       <external-identifier>
  606.         <resource>GeneCards</resource>
  607.         <identifier>PDE3A</identifier>
  608.       </external-identifier>
  609.       <external-identifier>
  610.         <resource>GenBank Gene Database</resource>
  611.         <identifier>M91667</identifier>
  612.       </external-identifier>
  613.       <external-identifier>
  614.         <resource>GenBank Protein Database</resource>
  615.         <identifier>38201493</identifier>
  616.       </external-identifier>
  617.       <external-identifier>
  618.         <resource>UniProtKB</resource>
  619.         <identifier>Q14432</identifier>
  620.       </external-identifier>
  621.       <external-identifier>
  622.         <resource>UniProt Accession</resource>
  623.         <identifier>PDE3A_HUMAN</identifier>
  624.       </external-identifier>
  625.     </external-identifiers>
  626.     <synonyms>
  627.       <synonym>CGI-PDE A</synonym>
  628.       <synonym>Cyclic GMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase A</synonym>
  629.       <synonym>EC 3.1.4.17</synonym>
  630.     </synonyms>
  631.     <amino-acid-sequence format="FASTA">&gt;cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A
  632. MAVPGDAARVRDKPVHSGVSQAPTAGRDCHHRADPASPRDSGCRGCWGDLVLQPLRSSRK
  633. LSSALCAGSLSFLLALLVRLVRGEVGCDLEQCKEAAAAEEEEAAPGAEGGVFPGPRGGAP
  634. GGGARLSPWLQPSALLFSLLCAFFWMGLYLLRAGVRLPLAVALLAACCGGEALVQIGLGV
  635. GEDHLLSLPAAGVVLSCLAAATWLVLRLRLGVLMIALTSAVRTVSLISLERFKVAWRPYL
  636. AYLAGVLGILLARYVEQILPQSAEAAPREHLGSQLIAGTKEDIPVFKRRRRSSSVVSAEM
  637. SGCSSKSHRRTSLPCIPREQLMGHSEWDHKRGPRGSQSSGTSITVDIAVMGEAHGLITDL
  638. LADPSLPPNVCTSLRAVSNLLSTQLTFQAIHKPRVNPVTSLSENYTCSDSEESSEKDKLA
  639. IPKRLRRSLPPGLLRRVSSTWTTTTSATGLPTLEPAPVRRDRSTSIKLQEAPSSSPDSWN
  640. NPVMMTLTKSRSFTSSYAISAANHVKAKKQSRPGALAKISPLSSPCSSPLQGTPASSLVS
  641. KISAVQFPESADTTAKQSLGSHRALTYTQSAPDLSPQILTPPVICSSCGRPYSQGNPADE
  642. PLERSGVATRTPSRTDDTAQVTSDYETNNNSDSSDIVQNEDETECLREPLRKASACSTYA
  643. PETMMFLDKPILAPEPLVMDNLDSIMEQLNTWNFPIFDLVENIGRKCGRILSQVSYRLFE
  644. DMGLFEAFKIPIREFMNYFHALEIGYRDIPYHNRIHATDVLHAVWYLTTQPIPGLSTVIN
  645. DHGSTSDSDSDSGFTHGHMGYVFSKTYNVTDDKYGCLSGNIPALELMALYVAAAMHDYDH
  646. PGRTNAFLVATSAPQAVLYNDRSVLENHHAAAAWNLFMSRPEYNFLINLDHVEFKHFRFL
  647. VIEAILATDLKKHFDFVAKFNGKVNDDVGIDWTNENDRLLVCQMCIKLADINGPAKCKEL
  648. HLQWTDGIVNEFYEQGDEEASLGLPISPFMDRSAPQLANLQESFISHIVGPLCNSYDSAG
  649. LMPGKWVEDSDESGDTDDPEEEEEEAPAPNEEETCENNESPKKKTFKRRKIYCQITQHLL
  650. QNHKMWKKVIEEEQRLAGIENQSLDQTPQSHSSEQIQAIKEEEEEKGKPRGEEIPTQKPD
  651. Q</amino-acid-sequence>
  652.     <gene-sequence format="FASTA">&gt;3426 bp
  653. ATGGCAGTGCCCGGCGACGCTGCACGAGTCAGGGACAAGCCCGTCCACAGTGGGGTGAGT
  654. CAAGCCCCCACGGCGGGCCGGGACTGCCACCATCGTGCGGACCCCGCATCGCCGCGGGAC
  655. TCGGGCTGCCGTGGCTGCTGGGGAGACCTGGTGCTGCAGCCGCTCCGGAGCTCTCGGAAA
  656. CTTTCCTCCGCGCTGTGCGCGGGCTCCCTATCCTTTCTGCTGGCGCTGCTGGTGAGGCTG
  657. GTCCGCGGGGAGGTCGGCTGTGACCTGGAGCAGTGTAAGGAGGCGGCGGCGGCGGAGGAG
  658. GAGGAAGCAGCCCCGGGAGCAGAAGGGGGCGTCTTCCCGGGGCCTCGGGGAGGTGCTCCC
  659. GGGGGCGGTGCGCGGCTCAGCCCCTGGCTGCAGCCCTCGGCGCTGCTCTTCAGTCTCCTG
  660. TGTGCCTTCTTCTGGATGGGCTTGTACCTCCTGCGCGCCGGGGTGCGCCTGCCTCTGGCT
  661. GTCGCGCTGCTGGCCGCCTGCTGCGGGGGGGAAGCGCTCGTCCAGATTGGGCTGGGCGTC
  662. GGGGAGGATCACTTACTCTCACTCCCCGCTGCGGGGGTGGTGCTCAGCTGCTTGGCCGCC
  663. GCGACATGGCTGGTGCTGAGGCTGAGGCTGGGCGTCCTCATGATCGCCTTGACTAGCGCG
  664. GTCAGGACCGTGTCCCTCATTTCCTTAGAGAGGTTCAAGGTCGCCTGGAGACCTTACCTG
  665. GCGTACCTGGCCGGCGTGCTGGGGATCCTCTTGGCCAGGTACGTGGAACAAATCTTGCCG
  666. CAGTCCGCGGAGGCGGCTCCAAGGGAGCATTTGGGGTCCCAGCTGATTGCTGGGACCAAG
  667. GAAGATATCCCGGTGTTTAAGAGGAGGAGGCGGTCCAGCTCCGTCGTGTCCGCCGAGATG
  668. TCCGGCTGCAGCAGCAAGTCCCATCGGAGGACCTCCCTGCCCTGTATACCGAGGGAACAG
  669. CTCATGGGGCATTCAGAATGGGACCACAAACGAGGGCCAAGAGGATCACAGTCTTCAGGA
  670. ACCAGTATTACTGTGGACATCGCCGTCATGGGCGAAGCCCACGGCCTCATTACCGACCTC
  671. CTGGCAGACCCTTCTCTTCCACCAAACGTGTGCACATCCTTGAGAGCCGTGAGCAACTTG
  672. CTCAGCACACAGCTCACCTTCCAGGCCATTCACAAGCCCAGAGTGAATCCCGTTACTTCG
  673. CTCAGTGAAAACTATACCTGTTCTGACTCTGAAGAGAGCTCTGAAAAAGACAAGCTTGCT
  674. ATTCCAAAGCGCCTGAGAAGGAGTTTGCCTCCTGGCTTGTTGAGACGAGTTTCTTCCACT
  675. TGGACCACCACCACCTCGGCCACAGGTCTACCCACCTTGGAGCCTGCACCAGTACGGAGA
  676. GACCGCAGCACCAGCATCAAACTGCAGGAAGCACCTTCATCCAGTCCTGATTCTTGGAAT
  677. AATCCAGTGATGATGACCCTCACCAAAAGCAGATCCTTTACTTCATCCTATGCTATTTCT
  678. GCAGCTAACCATGTAAAGGCTAAAAAGCAAAGTCGACCAGGTGCCCTCGCTAAAATTTCA
  679. CCTCTTTCATCGCCCTGCTCCTCACCTCTCCAAGGGACTCCTGCCAGCAGCCTGGTCAGC
  680. AAAATTTCTGCAGTGCAGTTTCCAGAATCTGCTGACACAACTGCCAAACAAAGCCTAGGT
  681. TCTCACAGGGCCTTAACTTACACTCAGAGTGCCCCAGACCTATCCCCTCAAATCCTGACT
  682. CCACCTGTTATATGTAGCAGCTGTGGCAGACCATATTCCCAAGGGAATCCTGCTGATGAG
  683. CCCCTGGAGAGAAGTGGGGTAGCCACTCGGACACCAAGTCGAACAGATGACACTGCTCAA
  684. GTTACCTCTGATTATGAAACCAATAACAACAGTGACAGCAGTGACATTGTACAGAATGAA
  685. GATGAAACAGAGTGCCTGAGAGAGCCTCTGAGGAAAGCATCGGCTTGCAGCACCTATGCT
  686. CCTGAGACCATGATGTTTCTGGACAAACCAATTCTTGCTCCCGAACCTCTTGTCATGGAT
  687. AACCTGGACTCAATTATGGAGCAGCTAAATACTTGGAATTTTCCAATTTTTGATTTAGTG
  688. GAAAATATAGGAAGAAAATGTGGCCGTATTCTTAGTCAGGTATCTTACAGACTTTTTGAA
  689. GACATGGGCCTCTTTGAAGCTTTTAAAATTCCAATTAGGGAATTTATGAATTATTTTCAT
  690. GCTTTGGAGATTGGATATAGGGATATTCCTTATCATAACAGAATCCATGCCACTGATGTT
  691. TTACATGCTGTTTGGTATCTTACTACACAGCCTATTCCAGGCCTCTCAACTGTGATTAAT
  692. GATCATGGTTCAACCAGTGATTCAGATTCTGACAGTGGATTTACACATGGACATATGGGA
  693. TATGTATTCTCAAAAACGTATAATGTGACAGATGATAAATACGGATGTCTGTCTGGGAAT
  694. ATCCCTGCCTTGGAGTTGATGGCGCTGTATGTGGCTGCAGCCATGCACGATTATGATCAT
  695. CCAGGAAGGACTAATGCTTTCCTGGTTGCAACTAGTGCTCCTCAGGCGGTGCTATATAAC
  696. GATCGTTCAGTTTTGGAGAATCATCACGCAGCTGCTGCATGGAATCTTTTCATGTCCCGG
  697. CCAGAGTATAACTTCTTAATTAACCTTGACCATGTGGAATTTAAGCATTTCCGTTTCCTT
  698. GTCATTGAAGCAATTTTGGCCACTGACCTGAAGAAACACTTTGACTTCGTAGCCAAATTT
  699. AATGGCAAGGTAAATGATGATGTTGGAATAGATTGGACCAATGAAAATGATCGTCTACTG
  700. GTTTGTCAAATGTGTATAAAGTTGGCTGATATCAATGGTCCAGCTAAATGTAAAGAACTC
  701. CATCTTCAGTGGACAGATGGTATTGTCAATGAATTTTATGAACAGGGTGATGAAGAGGCC
  702. AGCCTTGGATTACCCATAAGCCCCTTCATGGATCGTTCTGCTCCTCAGCTGGCCAACCTT
  703. CAGGAATCCTTCATCTCTCACATTGTGGGGCCTCTGTGCAACTCCTATGATTCAGCAGGA
  704. CTAATGCCTGGAAAATGGGTGGAAGACAGCGATGAGTCAGGAGATACTGATGACCCAGAA
  705. GAAGAGGAGGAAGAAGCACCAGCACCAAATGAAGAGGAAACCTGTGAAAATAATGAATCT
  706. CCAAAAAAGAAGACTTTCAAAAGGAGAAAAATCTACTGCCAAATAACTCAGCACCTCTTA
  707. CAGAACCACAAGATGTGGAAGAAAGTCATTGAAGAGGAGCAACGGTTGGCAGGCATAGAA
  708. AATCAATCCCTGGACCAGACCCCTCAGTCGCACTCTTCAGAACAGATCCAGGCTATCAAG
  709. GAAGAAGAAGAAGAGAAAGGGAAACCAAGAGGCGAGGAGATACCAACCCAAAAGCCAGAC
  710. CAGTGA</gene-sequence>
  711.     <pfams>
  712.       <pfam>
  713.         <identifier>PF00233</identifier>
  714.         <name>PDEase_I</name>
  715.       </pfam>
  716.     </pfams>
  717.     <go-classifiers>
  718.       <go-classifier>
  719.         <category>function</category>
  720.         <description>cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity</description>
  721.       </go-classifier>
  722.       <go-classifier>
  723.         <category>function</category>
  724.         <description>3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity</description>
  725.       </go-classifier>
  726.       <go-classifier>
  727.         <category>function</category>
  728.         <description>catalytic activity</description>
  729.       </go-classifier>
  730.       <go-classifier>
  731.         <category>function</category>
  732.         <description>hydrolase activity</description>
  733.       </go-classifier>
  734.       <go-classifier>
  735.         <category>function</category>
  736.         <description>hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds</description>
  737.       </go-classifier>
  738.       <go-classifier>
  739.         <category>function</category>
  740.         <description>phosphoric ester hydrolase activity</description>
  741.       </go-classifier>
  742.       <go-classifier>
  743.         <category>function</category>
  744.         <description>phosphoric diester hydrolase activity</description>
  745.       </go-classifier>
  746.       <go-classifier>
  747.         <category>process</category>
  748.         <description>cellular process</description>
  749.       </go-classifier>
  750.       <go-classifier>
  751.         <category>process</category>
  752.         <description>cell communication</description>
  753.       </go-classifier>
  754.       <go-classifier>
  755.         <category>process</category>
  756.         <description>signal transduction</description>
  757.       </go-classifier>
  758.     </go-classifiers>
  759.   </polypeptide>
  760.     </target>
  761.     <target>
  762.       <id>BE0000487</id>
  763.       <name>cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B</name>
  764.       <organism>Human</organism>
  765.       <actions>
  766.         <action>inhibitor</action>
  767.       </actions>
  768.       <references># Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17139284&#13;
  769. # Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17016423</references>
  770.       <known-action>unknown</known-action>
  771.       <polypeptide id="Q07343" source="Swiss-Prot">
  772.     <name>cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B</name>
  773.     <general-function>Involved in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity</general-function>
  774.     <specific-function>May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging from antidepressants to antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents</specific-function>
  775.     <gene-name>PDE4B</gene-name>
  776.     <locus>1p31</locus>
  777.     <cellular-location>Cytoplasmic</cellular-location>
  778.     <transmembrane-regions>None</transmembrane-regions>
  779.     <signal-regions/>
  780.     <theoretical-pi>4.89</theoretical-pi>
  781.     <molecular-weight>83344.0</molecular-weight>
  782.     <chromosome-location/>
  783.     <organism ncbi-taxonomy-id="9606">Human</organism>
  784.     <external-identifiers>
  785.       <external-identifier>
  786.         <resource>HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)</resource>
  787.         <identifier>HGNC:8781</identifier>
  788.       </external-identifier>
  789.       <external-identifier>
  790.         <resource>GenAtlas</resource>
  791.         <identifier>PDE4B</identifier>
  792.       </external-identifier>
  793.       <external-identifier>
  794.         <resource>GeneCards</resource>
  795.         <identifier>PDE4B</identifier>
  796.       </external-identifier>
  797.       <external-identifier>
  798.         <resource>GenBank Gene Database</resource>
  799.         <identifier>L20966</identifier>
  800.       </external-identifier>
  801.       <external-identifier>
  802.         <resource>GenBank Protein Database</resource>
  803.         <identifier>347122</identifier>
  804.       </external-identifier>
  805.       <external-identifier>
  806.         <resource>UniProtKB</resource>
  807.         <identifier>Q07343</identifier>
  808.       </external-identifier>
  809.       <external-identifier>
  810.         <resource>UniProt Accession</resource>
  811.         <identifier>PDE4B_HUMAN</identifier>
  812.       </external-identifier>
  813.     </external-identifiers>
  814.     <synonyms>
  815.       <synonym>DPDE4</synonym>
  816.       <synonym>EC 3.1.4.17</synonym>
  817.       <synonym>PDE32</synonym>
  818.     </synonyms>
  819.     <amino-acid-sequence format="FASTA">&gt;cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B
  820. MKKSRSVMTVMADDNVKDYFECSLSKSYSSSSNTLGIDLWRGRRCCSGNLQLPPLSQRQS
  821. ERARTPEGDGISRPTTLPLTTLPSIAITTVSQECFDVENGPSPGRSPLDPQASSSAGLVL
  822. HATFPGHSQRRESFLYRSDSDYDLSPKAMSRNSSLPSEQHGDDLIVTPFAQVLASLRSVR
  823. NNFTILTNLHGTSNKRSPAASQPPVSRVNPQEESYQKLAMETLEELDWCLDQLETIQTYR
  824. SVSEMASNKFKRMLNRELTHLSEMSRSGNQVSEYISNTFLDKQNDVEIPSPTQKDREKKK
  825. KQQLMTQISGVKKLMHSSSLNNTSISRFGVNTENEDHLAKELEDLNKWGLNIFNVAGYSH
  826. NRPLTCIMYAIFQERDLLKTFRISSDTFITYMMTLEDHYHSDVAYHNSLHAADVAQSTHV
  827. LLSTPALDAVFTDLEILAAIFAAAIHDVDHPGVSNQFLINTNSELALMYNDESVLENHHL
  828. AVGFKLLQEEHCDIFMNLTKKQRQTLRKMVIDMVLATDMSKHMSLLADLKTMVETKKVTS
  829. SGVLLLDNYTDRIQVLRNMVHCADLSNPTKSLELYRQWTDRIMEEFFQQGDKERERGMEI
  830. SPMCDKHTASVEKSQVGFIDYIVHPLWETWADLVQPDAQDILDTLEDNRNWYQSMIPQSP
  831. SPPLDEQNRDCQGLMEKFQFELTLDEEDSEGPEKEGEGHSYFSSTKTLCVIDPENRDSLG
  832. ETDIDIATEDKSPVDT</amino-acid-sequence>
  833.     <gene-sequence format="FASTA">&gt;2211 bp
  834. ATGAAGAAAAGCAGGAGTGTGATGACGGTGATGGCTGATGATAATGTTAAAGATTATTTT
  835. GAATGTAGCTTGAGTAAATCCTACAGTTCTTCCAGTAACACACTTGGGATCGACCTCTGG
  836. AGAGGGAGAAGGTGTTGCTCAGGAAACTTACAGTTACCACCACTGTCTCAAAGACAGAGT
  837. GAAAGGGCAAGGACTCCTGAGGGAGATGGTATTTCCAGGCCGACCACACTGCCTTTGACA
  838. ACGCTTCCAAGCATTGCTATTACAACTGTAAGCCAGGAGTGCTTTGATGTGGAAAATGGC
  839. CCTTCCCCAGGTCGGAGTCCACTGGATCCCCAGGCCAGCTCTTCCGCTGGGCTGGTACTT
  840. CACGCCACCTTTCCTGGGCACAGCCAGCGCAGAGAGTCATTTCTCTACAGATCAGACAGC
  841. GACTATGACTTGTCACCAAAGGCGATGTCGAGAAACTCTTCTCTTCCAAGCGAGCAACAC
  842. GGCGATGACTTGATTGTAACTCCTTTTGCCCAGGTCCTTGCCAGCTTGCGAAGTGTGAGA
  843. AACAACTTCACTATACTGACAAACCTTCATGGTACATCTAACAAGAGGTCCCCAGCTGCT
  844. AGTCAGCCTCCTGTCTCCAGAGTCAACCCACAAGAAGAATCTTATCAAAAATTAGCAATG
  845. GAAACGCTGGAGGAATTAGACTGGTGTTTAGACCAGCTAGAGACCATACAGACCTACCGG
  846. TCTGTCAGTGAGATGGCTTCTAACAAGTTCAAAAGAATGCTGAACCGGGAGCTGACACAC
  847. CTCTCAGAGATGAGCCGATCAGGGAACCAGGTGTCTGAATACATTTCAAATACTTTCTTA
  848. GACAAGCAGAATGATGTGGAGATCCCATCTCCTACCCAGAAAGACAGGGAGAAAAAGAAA
  849. AAGCAGCAGCTCATGACCCAGATAAGTGGAGTGAAGAAATTAATGCATAGTTCAAGCCTA
  850. AACAATACAAGCATCTCACGCTTTGGAGTCAACACTGAAAATGAAGATCACCTGGCCAAG
  851. GAGCTGGAAGACCTGAACAAATGGGGTCTTAACATCTTTAATGTGGCTGGATATTCTCAC
  852. AATAGACCCCTAACATGCATCATGTATGCTATATTCCAGGAAAGAGACCTCCTAAAGACA
  853. TTCAGAATCTCATCTGACACATTTATAACCTACATGATGACTTTAGAAGACCATTACCAT
  854. TCTGACGTGGCATATCACAACAGCCTGCACGCTGCTGATGTAGCCCAGTCGACCCATGTT
  855. CTCCTTTCTACACCAGCATTAGACGCTGTCTTCACAGATTTGGAGATCCTGGCTGCCATT
  856. TTTGCAGCTGCCATCCATGACGTTGATCATCCTGGAGTCTCCAATCAGTTTCTCATCAAC
  857. ACAAATTCAGAACTTGCTTTGATGTATAATGATGAATCTGTGTTGGAAAATCATCACCTT
  858. GCTGTGGGTTTCAAACTGCTGCAAGAAGAACACTGTGACATCTTCATGAATCTCACCAAG
  859. AAGCAGCGTCAGACACTCAGGAAGATGGTTATTGACATGGTGTTAGCAACTGATATGTCT
  860. AAACATATGAGCCTGCTGGCAGACCTGAAGACAATGGTAGAAACGAAGAAAGTTACAAGT
  861. TCAGGCGTTCTTCTCCTAGACAACTATACCGATCGCATTCAGGTCCTTCGCAACATGGTA
  862. CACTGTGCAGACCTGAGCAACCCCACCAAGTCCTTGGAATTGTATCGGCAATGGACAGAC
  863. CGCATCATGGAGGAATTTTTCCAGCAGGGAGACAAAGAGCGGGAGAGGGGAATGGAAATT
  864. AGCCCAATGTGTGATAAACACACAGCTTCTGTGGAAAAATCCCAGGTTGGTTTCATCGAC
  865. TACATTGTCCATCCATTGTGGGAGACATGGGCAGATTTGGTACAGCCTGATGCTCAGGAC
  866. ATTCTCGATACCTTAGAAGATAACAGGAACTGGTATCAGAGCATGATACCTCAAAGTCCC
  867. TCACCACCACTGGACGAGCAGAACAGGGACTGCCAGGGTCTGATGGAGAAGTTTCAGTTT
  868. GAACTGACTCTCGATGAGGAAGATTCTGAAGGACCTGAGAAGGAGGGAGAGGGACACAGC
  869. TATTTCAGCAGCACAAAGACGCTTTGTGTGATTGATCCAGAAAACAGAGATTCCCTGGGA
  870. GAGACTGACATAGACATTGCAACAGAAGACAAGTCCCCCGTGGATACATAA</gene-sequence>
  871.     <pfams>
  872.       <pfam>
  873.         <identifier>PF00233</identifier>
  874.         <name>PDEase_I</name>
  875.       </pfam>
  876.     </pfams>
  877.     <go-classifiers>
  878.       <go-classifier>
  879.         <category>function</category>
  880.         <description>cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity</description>
  881.       </go-classifier>
  882.       <go-classifier>
  883.         <category>function</category>
  884.         <description>3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity</description>
  885.       </go-classifier>
  886.       <go-classifier>
  887.         <category>function</category>
  888.         <description>catalytic activity</description>
  889.       </go-classifier>
  890.       <go-classifier>
  891.         <category>function</category>
  892.         <description>hydrolase activity</description>
  893.       </go-classifier>
  894.       <go-classifier>
  895.         <category>function</category>
  896.         <description>hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds</description>
  897.       </go-classifier>
  898.       <go-classifier>
  899.         <category>function</category>
  900.         <description>phosphoric ester hydrolase activity</description>
  901.       </go-classifier>
  902.       <go-classifier>
  903.         <category>function</category>
  904.         <description>phosphoric diester hydrolase activity</description>
  905.       </go-classifier>
  906.       <go-classifier>
  907.         <category>process</category>
  908.         <description>cellular process</description>
  909.       </go-classifier>
  910.       <go-classifier>
  911.         <category>process</category>
  912.         <description>cell communication</description>
  913.       </go-classifier>
  914.       <go-classifier>
  915.         <category>process</category>
  916.         <description>signal transduction</description>
  917.       </go-classifier>
  918.     </go-classifiers>
  919.   </polypeptide>
  920.     </target>
  921.     <target>
  922.       <id>BE0000704</id>
  923.       <name>Tumor necrosis factor</name>
  924.       <organism>Human</organism>
  925.       <actions>
  926.         <action>inhibitor</action>
  927.       </actions>
  928.       <references># Kumar A, Kosuri R, Kandula P, Dimou C, Allen J, Parrillo JE: Effects of epinephrine and amrinone on contractility and cyclic adenosine monophosphate generation of tumor necrosis factor alpha-exposed cardiac myocytes. Crit Care Med. 1999 Feb;27(2):286-92. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10075051&#13;
  929. # Bergman MR, Kao RH, McCune SA, Holycross BJ: Myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in hypertensive and heart failure-prone rats. Am J Physiol. 1999 Aug;277(2 Pt 2):H543-50. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10444479&#13;
  930. # Haddad JJ, Land SC, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Zembala M, Kowalczyk D, Lauterbach R: Immunopharmacological potential of selective phosphodiesterase inhibition. I. Differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) biosynthesis in alveolar epithelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Feb;300(2):559-66. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11805217&#13;
  931. # Marx D, Tassabehji M, Heer S, Huttenbrink KB, Szelenyi I: Modulation of TNF and GM-CSF release from dispersed human nasal polyp cells and human whole blood by inhibitors of different PDE isoenzymes and glucocorticoids. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2002;15(1):7-15. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11969359&#13;
  932. # Giroir BP, Beutler B: Effect of amrinone on tumor necrosis factor production in endotoxic shock. Circ Shock. 1992 Mar;36(3):200-7. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1611705</references>
  933.       <known-action>unknown</known-action>
  934.       <polypeptide id="P01375" source="Swiss-Prot">
  935.     <name>Tumor necrosis factor</name>
  936.     <general-function>Involved in tumor necrosis factor receptor binding</general-function>
  937.     <specific-function>Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin 1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation</specific-function>
  938.     <gene-name>TNF</gene-name>
  939.     <locus>6p21.3</locus>
  940.     <cellular-location>Cell membrane; single-pass type II membrane protein. Processed form:Secreted protein. Also exists as</cellular-location>
  941.     <transmembrane-regions>36-56</transmembrane-regions>
  942.     <signal-regions/>
  943.     <theoretical-pi>6.92</theoretical-pi>
  944.     <molecular-weight>25645.0</molecular-weight>
  945.     <chromosome-location/>
  946.     <organism ncbi-taxonomy-id="9606">Human</organism>
  947.     <external-identifiers>
  948.       <external-identifier>
  949.         <resource>HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC)</resource>
  950.         <identifier>HGNC:11892</identifier>
  951.       </external-identifier>
  952.       <external-identifier>
  953.         <resource>GenAtlas</resource>
  954.         <identifier>TNF</identifier>
  955.       </external-identifier>
  956.       <external-identifier>
  957.         <resource>GeneCards</resource>
  958.         <identifier>TNF</identifier>
  959.       </external-identifier>
  960.       <external-identifier>
  961.         <resource>GenBank Gene Database</resource>
  962.         <identifier>M16441</identifier>
  963.       </external-identifier>
  964.       <external-identifier>
  965.         <resource>GenBank Protein Database</resource>
  966.         <identifier>339741</identifier>
  967.       </external-identifier>
  968.       <external-identifier>
  969.         <resource>UniProtKB</resource>
  970.         <identifier>P01375</identifier>
  971.       </external-identifier>
  972.       <external-identifier>
  973.         <resource>UniProt Accession</resource>
  974.         <identifier>TNFA_HUMAN</identifier>
  975.       </external-identifier>
  976.     </external-identifiers>
  977.     <synonyms>
  978.       <synonym>Cachectin</synonym>
  979.       <synonym>TNF-a</synonym>
  980.       <synonym>TNF-alpha</synonym>
  981.       <synonym>Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2</synonym>
  982.       <synonym>Tumor necrosis factor precursor</synonym>
  983.     </synonyms>
  984.     <amino-acid-sequence format="FASTA">&gt;Tumor necrosis factor precursor
  985. MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCLLHFGVIGPQR
  986. EEFPRDLSLISPLAQAVRSSSRTPSDKPVAHVVANPQAEGQLQWLNRRANALLANGVELR
  987. DNQLVVPSEGLYLIYSQVLFKGQGCPSTHVLLTHTISRIAVSYQTKVNLLSAIKSPCQRE
  988. TPEGAEAKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDRLSAEINRPDYLDFAESGQVYFGIIAL</amino-acid-sequence>
  989.     <gene-sequence format="FASTA">&gt;702 bp
  990. ATGAGCACTGAAAGCATGATCCGGGACGTGGAGCTGGCCGAGGAGGCGCTCCCCAAGAAG
  991. ACAGGGGGGCCCCAGGGCTCCAGGCGGTGCTTGTTCCTCAGCCTCTTCTCCTTCCTGATC
  992. GTGGCAGGCGCCACCACGCTCTTCTGCCTGCTGCACTTTGGAGTGATCGGCCCCCAGAGG
  993. GAAGAGTTCCCCAGGGACCTCTCTCTAATCAGCCCTCTGGCCCAGGCAGTCAGATCATCT
  994. TCTCGAACCCCGAGTGACAAGCCTGTAGCCCATGTTGTAGCAAACCCTCAAGCTGAGGGG
  995. CAGCTCCAGTGGCTGAACCGCCGGGCCAATGCCCTCCTGGCCAATGGCGTGGAGCTGAGA
  996. GATAACCAGCTGGTGGTGCCATCAGAGGGCCTGTACCTCATCTACTCCCAGGTCCTCTTC
  997. AAGGGCCAAGGCTGCCCCTCCACCCATGTGCTCCTCACCCACACCATCAGCCGCATCGCC
  998. GTCTCCTACCAGACCAAGGTCAACCTCCTCTCTGCCATCAAGAGCCCCTGCCAGAGGGAG
  999. ACCCCAGAGGGGGCTGAGGCCAAGCCCTGGTATGAGCCCATCTATCTGGGAGGGGTCTTC
  1000. CAGCTGGAGAAGGGTGACCGACTCAGCGCTGAGATCAATCGGCCCGACTATCTCGACTTT
  1001. GCCGAGTCTGGGCAGGTCTACTTTGGGATCATTGCCCTGTGA</gene-sequence>
  1002.     <pfams>
  1003.       <pfam>
  1004.         <identifier>PF00229</identifier>
  1005.         <name>TNF</name>
  1006.       </pfam>
  1007.     </pfams>
  1008.     <go-classifiers>
  1009.       <go-classifier>
  1010.         <category>component</category>
  1011.         <description>cell</description>
  1012.       </go-classifier>
  1013.       <go-classifier>
  1014.         <category>component</category>
  1015.         <description>membrane</description>
  1016.       </go-classifier>
  1017.       <go-classifier>
  1018.         <category>function</category>
  1019.         <description>tumor necrosis factor receptor binding</description>
  1020.       </go-classifier>
  1021.       <go-classifier>
  1022.         <category>function</category>
  1023.         <description>signal transducer activity</description>
  1024.       </go-classifier>
  1025.       <go-classifier>
  1026.         <category>function</category>
  1027.         <description>receptor binding</description>
  1028.       </go-classifier>
  1029.       <go-classifier>
  1030.         <category>function</category>
  1031.         <description>cytokine activity</description>
  1032.       </go-classifier>
  1033.       <go-classifier>
  1034.         <category>process</category>
  1035.         <description>immune response</description>
  1036.       </go-classifier>
  1037.       <go-classifier>
  1038.         <category>process</category>
  1039.         <description>response to stimulus</description>
  1040.       </go-classifier>
  1041.       <go-classifier>
  1042.         <category>process</category>
  1043.         <description>response to biotic stimulus</description>
  1044.       </go-classifier>
  1045.       <go-classifier>
  1046.         <category>process</category>
  1047.         <description>defense response</description>
  1048.       </go-classifier>
  1049.     </go-classifiers>
  1050.   </polypeptide>
  1051.     </target>
  1052.     <target position="1">
  1053.       <id>BE0004908</id>
  1054.       <name>cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3</name>
  1055.       <organism>Human</organism>
  1056.       <actions/>
  1057.       <references># Weishaar RE, Kobylarz-Singer DC, Steffen RP, Kaplan HR: Subclasses of cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase in left ventricular muscle and their involvement in regulating myocardial contractility. Circ Res. 1987 Oct;61(4):539-47. "Pubmed":http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2820608</references>
  1058.       <known-action>unknown</known-action>
  1059.     </target>
  1060.   </targets>
  1061.   <enzymes/>
  1062.   <carriers/>
  1063.   <transporters/>
  1064. </drug>
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