2019-10-05 Saturday: 2 Performance

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
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If your name is in red, first try to log into your student portal and take the survey about your first week.
If your name is still red after that, you’ll have to talk to Dani at the front desk.
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Homework: Write a company profile for a company you invent. Include “about us”, “current projects” and “testimonials” like on p. 17.
	Also: read p. 27 and do p. 26 parts 3, 4, 5
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p. 26 part 3
1 paragraphs 1, 2, 4
2 paragraph 5
3 paragraph 3
part 4
1 flamenco in Japan
2 Italian food in Denmark, McDonald’s everywhere, Lebanese food in India
3 Barbie in 30 national varieties
4 ⅕ of the world’s population
5 Sesame Street in China
part 5 - b, c
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p. 21 part 2 - Which word doesn’t fit with the others? Why?
1 dance - the others are people
2 play - the others are people
3 dancer - the others are performance events
4 act - the others are people
5 singer - the others are groups of people
6 clown - the others are types of performance
7 drummer - the others are types of music
8 hiking - the others are ways of performing
part 3 - Answer these questions with your partner.
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‘ch’ has three different pronunciations in English:
/ʧ/ (“the ‘ch’ sound”) - chair, cheap, cherry, church, rich, each, chew
/ʃ/ (the ‘sh’ sound) - chef, champagne, Chicago
/k/ - choir, choreographer, orchestra, tech, mech, chem, psych (and words that contain these roots)
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Take 60 seconds to write down as many different types of music as you can think of.
Compare your lists in your groups.
What do you think of each type of music? (Use expressions from p. 22 part 1)
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part 2 - Where are these types of music from?
1 US
2 Brazil
3 Cuba
4 Portugal
5 Spain
6 Mongolia
7 Jamaica
8 Japan
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genre = type (of music, movies, books, shows)
subgenre = subtype = a more specific type of music within another genre
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC4DDkye8FU (blues)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lhxvpmldek (bossa nova)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSwS8-lb1xo (charanga)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=on9lKHZc5jA (fado)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqxJMCQxb_Q (flamenco)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkOkDI3RFvM (hoomii)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdB-8eLEW8g (reggae)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7HL5wYqAbU (taiko drumming)
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p. 22 part 3 - Try to think of a specific song or artist that each word can describe. (If you and your partner don’t know a word, use a dictionary such as http://www.learnersdictionary.com.)
moving = emotionally powerful
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part 5 - Listen to the audio. Fix the incorrect information.
1 English-speaking world
2 album, not film
3 since the beginning / for many years
4 internationally, not just Belgium
American English: “Zap Mama has had several hits.” - It’s a singular name for one group, so we use singular verbs.
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Grammar: present perfect
- Why are the sentences in part 5 present perfect?
	The verbs started in the past and are still true or could happen again or change in the future.
	In particular, a musician who has retired or died should be talked about in simple past.

Form = have/has + past participle
+		I have studied English for ten years. / She has lived here since October.
- 		I haven’t studied Chinese. / She hasn’t called yet.
? (y/n)	Have you studied English? / Has she finished?
		Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. / Yes, she has./No, she hasn’t.
? (info)	Where have you been? / What has she done?
? (subject)	How many people have responded? / Who has responded?
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BREAK
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p. 23 part 10 - Which of these expressions is used with “for” and which with “since”?
for: a couple of days, a few months, ages, years, a while, centuries, some time
since: I was a child, my last vacation, since the day before yesterday, since 1986, July, lunchtime, last Monday
(For how long? Since when?)
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part 11 - Complete these sentences with true information about yourself. Then compare with your partner.
1 I have lived here for a few months.
2 I have been at my current job since April.
3 I have known my best friend since we were teenagers.
4 I haven’t listened to opera for ages.
5 I have always wanted to buy a house.
6 I have never had a hamster.
7 I have studied English since I was a child.
8 I have been in this class for three hours.
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“already”, “yet”, “just” - These are very common adverbs to use with perfect tenses.

already - something happened or is true sooner than expected
	I have (already) seen this movie (already).
not yet - something didn’t happen or isn’t true, but I expect it to be in the future
	I haven’t (yet) eaten breakfast (yet).
yet? - I don’t know if it happened or is true, but if not I expect it to be soon.
	Have you eaten breakfast (yet)?
just - something that happened very recently (In American English, simple past is more common for this.)
	I’ve just eaten breakfast. / I just ate breakfast.
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Take 2 minutes to write as many types of dance as you can think of. Then compare your lists and check if your partners know those kinds of dance.
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Why do people dance?
- for fun / to have fun
- for work / to make money
- for exercise / to get or stay healthy
- to meet people
- to perform
- for rituals
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Grammar: infinitives and gerunds

infinitive = to + base form
	purpose: People dance (in order) to have fun. I’m learning English to study in another country.
	after adjectives and adverbs: It’s important to study. I’m happy to meet you. It’s too cold to swim.
gerund = verb+ing form (used like a noun)
	subject: Teaching is fun. Dancing is relaxing. Studying helps me learn and makes me sleepy.
	after prepositions: Thanks for helping. I’m worried about failing. Fix it by adding ‘s’.

Both gerunds and infinitives can go after verbs.
- Some verbs always take the infinitive: want to do, expect to go, hope to see
- Some verbs always take the gerund: enjoy doing, avoid going, finish cleaning
- Some verbs can take both.
	- Sometimes this doesn’t change the meaning: like to do = like doing, start reading = start to read
	- Sometimes it does change meaning: stop to do / stop doing, remember to do / remember doing
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I stopped to eat fast food. = I stopped something else for the purpose of eating some fast food.
	(First I stopped, then I ate.)
I stopped eating fast food. = I used to eat fast food and now I don’t any more.
	(First I ate, then I stopped.)

Generally, the gerund means a real action that already happened or definitely will, and the infinitive means a potential action that happens later or might not happen.
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p. 25 part 8 - Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms, then tell your partner which ones you agree with.
1 doing (enjoy + gerund)
2 Painting (subject)
3 to be (adjective)
4 changing (imagine + changing)
5 to learn (adjective)
6 to play (learn + infinitive)
7 trying (preposition)
8 to find (seem + infinitive)
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I feel as though I never find time to meet people.
It looks as though it’s raining.
It seems as though you’re unhappy.

I never seem to find the time to meet people.
It seems to be raining.
You seem to be unhappy.
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If possible, we generally avoid using two -ing verbs next to each other.
“It started to rain” and “It started raining” are both equally correct.
“It’s starting to rain” sounds much better than “It’s starting raining”.
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Homework: units 1-2 test