2020-01-11 Saturday: 2 Performance

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
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Homework: Write a company profile for a company you invent. Include the same three sections as on p. 17 (“About Us”, “Current Projects”, and “Testimonials”)
	Also: read p. 15 and do parts 4, 5, 6 on p. 14
part 4
1 They are anthropologists, not athletes.
2 She studies monkeys.
3 He’s a biologist.
part 5
1 d
2 a
3 b
4 c
part 6 - b
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p. 14 part 7 - Do you understand these other roles or occupations?
opponent = someone who works against (opposes) someone or something
competitor = someone who is competing to get the same thing you want
contestant = someone in a contest or game (possibly without anyone else)
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Vocabulary: performance

p. 21 part 2 - In pairs, decide which word doesn’t fit with the others, and why.
1 dance - the others are people
2 play - the others are people
3 dancer - the others are performance events
4 act - the others are people
5 singer - the others are groups
6 clown - the others are types of performance
7 drummer - the others are types of music
8 hiking - the others are ways of performing
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How many different ways can ‘ch’ be pronounced in English?
/ʧ/ - the “standard” pronunciation: church, cheap, chore, cheese, rich, match, which
/ʃ/ - the ‘sh’ sound: machine, Chicago, chef, champagne
/k/ - the ‘k’ sound: choreographer, choir, chorus, chem-, mech-, tech-, psych-
psychopharmacological
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Take 60 seconds to write down as many different types of music as you can think of.
Compare your lists in your groups.
Do you know the same genres as your partners?
For the ones you know, describe your opinions with expressions from p. 22 part 1.
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part 2 - Where are these types of music from?
1 US
2 Brazil
3 Cuba
4 Portugal
5 Spain
6 Mongolia
7 Jamaica
8 Japan
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC4DDkye8FU (blues)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lhxvpmldek (bossa nova)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSwS8-lb1xo (charanga)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=on9lKHZc5jA (fado)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqxJMCQxb_Q (flamenco)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkOkDI3RFvM (hoomii)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdB-8eLEW8g (reggae)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7HL5wYqAbU (taiko drumming)
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part 3 - What music can you describe with each word?
catchy = memorable; sometimes hard to stop thinking of
moving = emotionally powerful
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part 5 - Listen to the radio show and correct the information.
1 Manu Chao has not been successful in the English-speaking world.
2 World fusion has become better known since the release of Paul Simon’s album Graceland.
3 Peter Gabriel has been part of WOMAD since the beginning.
4 Zap Mama has had several international hits.
- In American English, singular names get singular verbs, even if they refer to a group.
	(British English uses plural verbs whenever the noun refers to a group.)
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Grammar: Present perfect
- Why are the sentences in part 5 in the present perfect?
	They’re about things that started in the past but continue in the present (and can happen more or change in the future).
	If any of these people or groups die or retire, the correct grammar will be simple past.

Form: have/has + past participle
+	I have been in Boston since April. She has been here for six months.
-	I haven’t been to Tokyo. She hasn’t been to Tokyo.
? y/n	Have you been in Boston long? Has she been in Boston long?
	Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.     Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
? info	How have you been? Where has she been?
	(subject questions: How many people have been to NYC? Who has tried American food?)
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BREAK
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p. 23 part 10 - Which of these expressions go with “for” and which with “since”?
for: a couple of days, a while, a few months, ages, centuries, some time, years
since: 1986, I was a child, July, last Monday, my last vacation, lunchtime, the day before yesterday
“For how long?” - the answer is a length of time
“Since when?” - the answer is a specific time
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part 11 - Use present perfect to complete these statements so they’re true for you and compare with your partner.
1 I have lived here for two years.
2 I have been at my current job since June.
3 I have known my best friend since I was a child.
4 I haven’t listened to Juanes for ages.
5 I have always wanted to eat a whole fish.
6 I have never had a baby.
7 I have studied English since I was 13.
8 I have been in this class for three hours.
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“just”, “already”, and “yet”

just = very recently
	I’ve just seen him. I’ve just finished lunch. (In American English, simple past is more common.)
already = It happened, sooner than someone expected.
	I have already seen this movie. / I have seen this movie already.
	Have you (already) seen this movie (already)? (If I think the answer might be “yes”.)
yet = negative or question; If it hasn’t happened yet I expect it will happen soon.
	I haven’t (yet) seen this movie (yet).
	Have you seen this movie yet?
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(“already” is a “some”-word, used in affirmative statements and questions where I expect “yes”.)
(“yet” is an “any”-word, used in negative statements and general questions)
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Take 2 minutes to write as many types of dance as you can think of.
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Why do people dance?
- to express themselves
- for fun
- to celebrate
- for parties
- for money / to make money
- to pray
- to exercise / for health
- for culture
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When talking about the purpose of something:
to + verb (base form)
for + noun
	(In other situations, we can also use for + verb-ing, but usually not for purpose.)
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Grammar: infinitives and gerunds

infinitive = “to” + base form
gerund = verb+ing form, when it’s used like a noun

When to use infinitives:
- purpose: People dance to have fun. I’m studying English to get a better job.
- after adjectives and adverbs: It’s easy to learn. I’m happy to meet you. It’s too cold to swim.
	He speaks too quickly to understand.
- after some nouns: It’s time to go. He made a decision to stay longer.
- after some verbs: I have to study. I need to go. I hope to finish soon. I want to leave.

When to use gerunds:
- after prepositions: Thank you for helping. I’m worried about dying. I look forward to meeting you.
- as the subject (usually): Learning English is easy. Smoking kills you. Reading makes me sleepy.
- after some nouns: I had a good time dancing. She had trouble meeting people.
- after some verbs: I tried studying. She enjoys watching the movie.
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NOTE: -ing forms and past participle forms do multiple jobs in English (For example, both of them can be adjectives, and both of them can be used with specific verb tenses.)
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p. 25 part 8 - Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs, then discuss with your partner whether each statement is true for you. Why or why not?
1 doing (enjoy + gerund)
2 Painting (subject)
3 to be (after an adjective)
4 changing (imagine + gerund)
5 to learn (after an adjective)
6 to play (learn + infintive)
7 trying (after a preposition)
8 to find (seem + infinitive)
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Some verbs can be with gerund or infinitive, but the meaning changes:

I stopped to eat fast food. = I stopped another action in order to eat fast food. (purpose)
	(First I stopped, then I ate.)
I stopped eating fast food. = I quit. I don’t eat fast food any more.
	(First I ate, then I stopped.)

I remembered to lock the door. = First I remembered, then I locked the door.
I remembered locking the door. = First I locked the door, then I remembered.

I tried to open the window. = I attempted this action, but I couldn’t do it. (The window is broken.)
I tried opening the window. = I did this action, but it didn’t help the problem. (The room was hot.)
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It began to rain. = It began raining. (These mean the same and both sound fine.)
It’s beginning to rain. - This sounds fine.
(It’s beginning raining. - This sounds weird. - We avoid two -ing verbs together if possible.)
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Homework: 1-2 test - If you put your answers online, send me an email to tell me your test number.