2020-02-27 Grammar: participial adjectives

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 226 exercise 21
2 a must be kept
  b must keep
3 a can’t be opened
  b can’t open
4 a ought to be divided
  b ought to have been divided
5 a have to be returned
  b has to return, will have to pay
6 a may be offered
  b may offer
  c may have already been offered / may already have been offered
  d may have already offered / may already have offered
7 a had better be finished
  b had better finish
8 a is supposed to be sent
  b should have been sent
9 a must have been surprised
  b must be surprised
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We sometimes use “middle voice” to describe verbs that can be both active and passive:
The lasagna cooked for 45 minutes.
I cooked the lasagna for 45 minutes. = The lasagna was cooked for 45 minutes.
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Seeing her boss surprises Yoko.
= Seeing her boss is surprising.
= Yoko is surprised.
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Participial Adjectives (-ed/-ing adjectives)

present participle (ing form) = subject of the active sentence
The problem confuses the students. = It is a confusing problem.

past participle = subject of the passive sentence
The students are confused by the problem. = They are confused students.
John is bored by the lesson. = He is a bored student.
John bores his students. = He is a boring teacher.
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p. 241 exercise 44 - Which sentences describe each picture? (Some don’t describe anything.)
1 B
2 A
3 A
4
5
6 B
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p. 242 exercise 46 - Ask your partner these questions.
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A noise annoys an oyster but a noisy noise annoys an oyster more.
- It’s an annoying noise.
- It’s an annoyed oyster.
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p. 245 exercise 52 - Fix the errors in the sentences.