# function to avoid adding duplicate entries to the PATH
pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}

# function to avoid adding duplicate entries to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ldpathmunge () {
    case ":${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$1
            else
                LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$1:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
            fi
    esac
}

# function to avoid adding duplicate entries to the MANPATH
manpathmunge () {
    case ":${MANPATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                MANPATH=$MANPATH:$1
            else
                MANPATH=$1:$MANPATH
            fi
    esac
}