2019-03-02 OLD Saturday: 2 Performance

(These are the notes I wrote for unit 2 when I taught it last year.)

p. 21 part 2 - With your partner, decide which word in each set doesn’t fit with the others and why.
1 dance - the others are people
2 play - the others are people
3 dancer - the others are events
4 act - the others are people
5 singer - the others are groups of people
6 clown - the others are types of performance
7 drummer - the others are types (genres) of music
8 hiking - the others are ways of performing
---
choir - “quire”
---
Take 60 seconds to write as many musical genres as you can think of.
Then, in groups of three, compare your lists. Then share your opinions of those genres using the language on p. 22 part 1 of your book.
subgenre = a “smaller” or more specific genre within a broader type of music; for example there are many many different types of rock music
---
part 2 - Listen to examples of these musical genres and with your partner guess where each is from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC4DDkye8FU (blues)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAT2oeaR3yk (bossa nova)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSwS8-lb1xo (charanga)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=on9lKHZc5jA (fado)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqxJMCQxb_Q (flamenco)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JkOkDI3RFvM (hoomii)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdB-8eLEW8g (reggae)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7HL5wYqAbU (taiko drumming)
---
part 3 - Choose one genre or artist that can be described with each adjective (Look up these adjectives in a dictionary if you need to)
catchy - pop
cheerful - samba, reggae
lively - EDM, salsa
melancholy - fado, ballad
melodic - (most catchy music is also melodic)
moving - ballad, many soundtracks
repetitive - reggaeton, electronic
rhythmic - taiko, reggaeton, EDM
tuneless - taiko, experimental jazz, heavy metal
unusual - hoomii
---
fusion = a mix of two or more different styles (of music, food, or other cultural things)
---
p. 22 part 5 - Listen to the radio show about world fusion music and correct the factual errors in the sentences.
1 Manu Chao has not been successful in the English-speaking world.
2 World fusion has become better-known since the release of Paul Simon’s album Graceland.
3 Peter Gabriel has been part of WOMAD since it began in 1980.
4 Zap Mama has had several hits internationally.
    (In American English, if the name of a group or company is singular, the verb is singular.)
---
What tense are all of these sentences? Why?
- present perfect, because these things started in the past but aren’t finished now (and could happen more in the future)
- If any of these people die or retire, sentences about them would have to be in the simple past.
---
Grammar: Present Perfect
---
form:
+   I have eaten many new things. He has eaten many new things.
-   I haven’t eaten squirrel. He hasn’t eaten kangaroo.
? y/n   Have you eaten crocodile? Has he eaten rabbit?
    Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
info-   What have you eaten recently? What has he eaten today?
---
BREAK
---
Present perfect often includes “for” or “since”
for + length of time (a while, two weeks, ten years, many years, three hours, six months, a long time)
    (This answers the question of how long something has continued.)
since + point in time (1980, Monday, 9:15 this morning, last year, I was a child, the 1990s)
    (This answer the question of when something started.)
---
p. 23 part 11 - Complete the sentences so they are true for you, and share your information with your partners in groups of 3.
1 I have lived here for 10 years.
2 I have been at my current job since January.
3 I have known my best friend since kindergarten.
4 I haven’t listened to Lady Gaga for ages.
5 I have always wanted to travel.
6 I have never had a cat.
7 I have studied English since 2005.
8 I have been in this class for three hours.
---
just: actions completed very recently (In American English, this is more common with simple past.)
I’ve just finished my homework and now I’m going to watch TV.
already: actions that happened sooner than expected
    I have (already) eaten lunch (already).
yet: something that is expected soon (for negatives and questions)
    Has she had her baby yet? (I know she’s pregnant, so if not yet, it will be soon.)
    No, she hasn’t (yet) had her baby (yet). She’s due in two weeks.
---
Take 2 minutes to write as many different styles of dance as you can think of.
Why do people dance?
- for fun / to have fun
- to exercise
- to learn
- to express their feelings
- to make money / for a living
- to entertain
- to make connections / to meet people
---
Grammar: gerunds and infinitives
- gerund = verb+ing form used like a noun
    Subjects are almost always gerunds:
        Teaching is really interesting.
    Dancing helps me meet new people.
    Smoking cigarettes is bad for your health.
Objects of prepositions are always gerunds:
    You can meet people by taking a dance class.
    I’m interested in learning salsa.
    I look forward to relaxing after work. (Here, “to” is a preposition, not an infinitive.)
- infinitive = to + base form (the verb without any conjugation for number, person, or tense)
    After adjectives we usually use infinitives:
        It’s important to practice every day.
        I’m glad to meet you.
        The weather is too cold to go swimming.
    To express purpose, always use infinitives:
        I’m studying English (in order) to find a new job.
        I went to the store to buy milk.
        Who did you go with to buy milk? (“with” is a preposition, but “bo buy milk” isn’t the object)
---
Both gerunds and infinitives can be objects of verbs.
- Some verbs are always followed by the gerund:
    I enjoy dancing. I don’t mind dancing with strangers. I can’t imagine dancing in front of people.
- Some verbs are always followed by the infinitive.
    I want to dance. She needs to practice more. He’s learning to dance salsa.
- Some verbs can be followed by both with the same meaning:
    I like dancing. = I like to dance., He hates cooking. = He hates to cook.
- Some verbs can be followed by both with a change in meaning.
    (Generally, the gerund is an action that really happened or will happen, the infinitive is an action that might happen or will happen after the main verb.)
---
p. 25 part 8 - Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. Then tell your partner which sentences you agree with and why.
1 doing (enjoy + gerund)
2 Painting (subject)
3 to be (after an adjective)
4 changing (imagine + gerund)
5 to learn (after an adjective)
6 to play (learn + infinitive)
7 trying (after a preposition)
8 to find (seem + infinitive)
---
If you have the option, avoid using two -ing verbs next to each other.
She’s starting to study Italian. (NOT “She’s starting studying Italian.”)
---
I stopped eating fast food. = I used to eat fast food, but then I stopped. Now I don’t eat it.
I stopped to eat fast food. = I stopped (something else) in order to eat fast food.
- The first six verbs on the list follow a similar pattern: the gerund happened before that verb, the infinitive (maybe) happened after.
---
I tried opening the window. = I really opened the window (but maybe it didn’t solve the problem).
I tried to open the window. = I attempted it, but the window was broken or locked, and I couldn’t do it.