Tiggers Nongue My Anus

Question 1 1 pts How do observations of distant galaxies help us learn about galaxy evolution?

multiple_choice_question   7010083
 How do observations of distant galaxies help us learn about galaxy evolution?
How do observations of distant galaxies help us learn about galaxy evolution?   We can see what our galaxy used to look like and therefore theorize about the physical processes that led to its current appearance.

  We can observe two galaxies merging and what the result is, helping us learn how mergers affect evolution.

  Observations at different distances show galaxies of different ages and therefore different stages of evolution.

  We can observe the birth of galaxies.

  We can observe the evolution of a single galaxy over time.


Question 2 1 pts Suppose that we look at a photograph of many galaxies. Assuming that all galaxies formed at about the same time, which galaxy in the picture is the youngest?

multiple_choice_question   7010084
 Suppose that we look at a photograph of many galaxies. Assuming that all galaxies formed at about the same time, which galaxy in the picture is the youngest?
Suppose that we look at a photograph of many galaxies. Assuming that all galaxies formed at about the same time, which galaxy in the picture is the youngest?   the one that is reddest in color

  the one that appears smallest in size

  the one that is farthest away

  the one that is closest to us

  the one that is bluest in color


Question 3 1 pts What is a standard candle?

multiple_choice_question   7010085
 What is a standard candle?
What is a standard candle?   any star for which we know the exact apparent brightness

  a long, tapered candle that lights easily

  an object for which we are likely to know the true luminosity

  a class of objects in astronomy that all have exactly the same luminosity

  an object for which we can easily measure the apparent brightness


Question 4 1 pts Based on current estimates of the value of Hubble's constant, how old is the universe?

multiple_choice_question   7010086
 Based on current estimates of the value of Hubble's constant, how old is the universe?
Based on current estimates of the value of Hubble's constant, how old is the universe?   between 4 and 6 billion years old

  between 8 and 12 billion years old

  between 16 and 20 billion years old

  between 20 and 40 billion years old

  between 12 and 16 billion years old


Question 5 1 pts What two quantities did Edwin Hubble plot against each other to discover the expansion of the Universe?

multiple_choice_question   7010087
 What two quantities did Edwin Hubble plot against each other to discover the expansion of the Universe?
What two quantities did Edwin Hubble plot against each other to discover the expansion of the Universe?   velocity and temperature

  luminosity and temperature

  age and distance

  luminosity and distance

  velocity and distance


Question 6 1 pts White-dwarf supernovae are good standard candles for distance measurements for all the following reasons except which?

multiple_choice_question   7010088
 White-dwarf supernovae are good standard candles for distance measurements for all the following reasons except which?
White-dwarf supernovae are good standard candles for distance measurements for all the following reasons except which?   All white-dwarf supernovae involve the explosion of stars of nearly the same mass.

  All white-dwarf supernovae have similar light curves, which makes them easy to distinguish from massive-star supernovae.

  White-dwarf supernovae occur only among young and extremely bright stars.

  White-dwarf supernovae are so bright that they can be detected even in very distant galaxies.

  White-dwarf supernovae are common enough that we detect several every year.


Question 7 1 pts Which of the following types of galaxies are reddest in color?

multiple_choice_question   7010089
 Which of the following types of galaxies are reddest in color?
Which of the following types of galaxies are reddest in color?   ellipticals

  lenticulars

  spirals

  irregulars


Question 8 1 pts What is the diameter of the disk of the Milky Way?

multiple_choice_question   7010090
 What is the diameter of the disk of the Milky Way?
What is the diameter of the disk of the Milky Way?   1,000 light-years

  10,000 light-years

  100,000 light-years

  1,000,000 light-years

  100 light-years


Question 9 1 pts How does the interstellar medium obscure our view of most of the galaxy?

multiple_choice_question   7010091
 How does the interstellar medium obscure our view of most of the galaxy?
How does the interstellar medium obscure our view of most of the galaxy?   It absorbs all wavelengths of light.

  It produces so much visible light that it is opaque and blocks our view of anything beyond it.

  It reflects most light from far distances of the galaxy away from our line of sight.

  It absorbs visible, ultraviolet, and some infrared light.

  all of the above


Question 10 1 pts Compared with stars in the disk, orbits of stars in the halo

multiple_choice_question   7010092
 Compared with stars in the disk, orbits of stars in the halo
Compared with stars in the disk, orbits of stars in the halo   are elliptical, with random orientation.

  do not have to be around the galactic center.

  do not have to pass through the plane of the galaxy.

  are relatively uniform to each other.

  are elliptical but orbiting in the same direction.


Question 11 1 pts Where does most star formation occur in the Milky Way today?

multiple_choice_question   7010093
 Where does most star formation occur in the Milky Way today?
Where does most star formation occur in the Milky Way today?   in the halo

  in the bulge

  in the Galactic center

  uniformly throughout the Galaxy

  in the spiral arms


Question 12 1 pts How do we know that spheroidal stars are older, on average, than disk stars?

multiple_choice_question   7010094
 How do we know that spheroidal stars are older, on average, than disk stars?
How do we know that spheroidal stars are older, on average, than disk stars?   There are no red disk stars.

  We see evidence for new stars forming in the disk today.

  There are no blue spheroidal stars.

  Theories of galaxy formation tell us that the spheroid formed earlier than the disk.

  Spheroidal stars orbit in random directions but disk stars have more ordered orbits.


Question 13 1 pts Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy by

multiple_choice_question   7010095
 Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy by
Harlow Shapley concluded that the Sun was not in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy by   mapping the distribution of gas clouds in the spiral arms.

  looking at the shape of the "milky band" across the sky.

  looking at other nearby spiral galaxies.

  mapping the distribution of stars in the galaxy.

  mapping the distribution of globular clusters in the galaxy.


Question 14 1 pts Approximately how far is the Sun from the center of the galaxy?

multiple_choice_question   7010096
 Approximately how far is the Sun from the center of the galaxy?
Approximately how far is the Sun from the center of the galaxy?   28,000 light-years

  280 light-years

  28 million light-years

  28 light-years

  2,800 light-years


Question 15 1 pts What is the most common form of gas in the interstellar medium?

multiple_choice_question   7010097
 What is the most common form of gas in the interstellar medium?
What is the most common form of gas in the interstellar medium?   atomic hydrogen

  ionized hydrogen

  molecular helium

  molecular hydrogen

  atomic helium


Question 16 1 pts What is the thickness of the disk of the Milky Way?

multiple_choice_question   7010098
 What is the thickness of the disk of the Milky Way?
What is the thickness of the disk of the Milky Way?   100 light-years

  1,000,000 light-years

  100,000 light-years

  1,000 light-years

  10,000 light-years


Question 17 1 pts What kinds of objects lie in the halo of our galaxy?

multiple_choice_question   7010099
 What kinds of objects lie in the halo of our galaxy?
What kinds of objects lie in the halo of our galaxy?   O and B stars

  gas and dust

  open clusters

  globular clusters

  all of the above


Question 18 1 pts What kinds of objects lie in the disk of our galaxy?

multiple_choice_question   7010100
 What kinds of objects lie in the disk of our galaxy?
What kinds of objects lie in the disk of our galaxy?   gas and dust

  open clusters

  O and B stars

  old K and M stars

  all of the above


Question 19 1 pts Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies are

multiple_choice_question   7010101
 Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies are
Compared to spiral galaxies, elliptical galaxies are   bluer and rounder.

  bluer and flattened.

  redder and rounder.

  always much smaller.

  redder and flattened.


Question 20 1 pts What is the major difference between an elliptical galaxy and a spiral galaxy?

multiple_choice_question   7010102
 What is the major difference between an elliptical galaxy and a spiral galaxy?
What is the major difference between an elliptical galaxy and a spiral galaxy?   A spiral galaxy has a spherical halo.

  Elliptical galaxies are not as big as spiral galaxies.

  There are no dwarf spiral galaxies, but there are dwarf ellipticals.

  An elliptical galaxy lacks a disk component.

  A spiral galaxy contains mostly younger stars.


Question 21 1 pts Which of the following types of galaxies are most commonly found in large clusters?

multiple_choice_question   7010103
 Which of the following types of galaxies are most commonly found in large clusters?
Which of the following types of galaxies are most commonly found in large clusters?   ellipticals

  spirals

  irregulars

  lenticulars


Question 22 1 pts Which of the following is true about irregular galaxies?

multiple_choice_question   7010104
 Which of the following is true about irregular galaxies?
Which of the following is true about irregular galaxies?   They have reddish colors.

  They were more common when the universe was younger.

  They have well defined spiral arms.

  They generally have significant bulge populations.

  They are composed solely of old stars.


Question 23 1 pts Which of the following gives the two main assumptions of theoretical models of galaxy evolution?

multiple_choice_question   7010105
 Which of the following gives the two main assumptions of theoretical models of galaxy evolution?
Which of the following gives the two main assumptions of theoretical models of galaxy evolution?   Hydrogen and helium filled all of space, and certain regions of the universe were slightly denser than others.

  The universe was composed originally only of hydrogen, and all the other elements came from stars.

  The universe has always been expanding, and denser areas contracted to form the first stars.

  Hydrogen and helium filled all of space, and all the universe was exactly the same density.

  The beginning of the universe is modeled after a supernova explosion, and all the elements were produced in the proper quantities by the star.


Question 24 1 pts What is a quasar?

multiple_choice_question   7010106
 What is a quasar?
What is a quasar?   the extremely bright center of a distant galaxy, thought to be powered by a massive black hole

  a starlike object that actually represents a bright patch of gas in the Milky Way

  another name for very bright stars of spectral type O

  a very large galaxy thought to be formed by the merger of several smaller galaxies, typically found in the center of a galaxy cluster

  a specialized astronomical instrument for observing distant stars


Question 25 1 pts Which of the following cannot be true of the very first stars formed in the Universe?

multiple_choice_question   7010107
 Which of the following cannot be true of the very first stars formed in the Universe?
Which of the following cannot be true of the very first stars formed in the Universe?   They may have formed in large clusters.

  Some may still exist in the Milky Way today.

  They may have all exploded as supernovae by now.

  They may have had rocky planets around them.

  They may have formed singly, in isolation.


Question 26 1 pts How many stars can you see with your naked eye on a clear, moonless night from a dark location?

multiple_choice_question   7010108
 How many stars can you see with your naked eye on a clear, moonless night from a dark location?
How many stars can you see with your naked eye on a clear, moonless night from a dark location?   a few thousand

  less than a thousand

  about ten thousand

  about a hundred thousand

  more than you could count in your lifetime


Question 27 1 pts Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting Earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of the universe?

multiple_choice_question   7010109
 Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting Earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of the universe?
Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting Earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of the universe?   to explain why more distant planets take longer to make a circuit through the constellations of the zodiac

  to properly account for the varying distances of the planets from Earth

  to explain the fact that planets sometimes appear to move westward, rather than eastward, relative to the stars in our sky

  to explain why Venus goes through phases as seen from Earth

  to explain why the Greeks were unable to detect stellar parallax


Question 28 1 pts We can see each other in the classroom right now because we

multiple_choice_question   7010110
 We can see each other in the classroom right now because we
We can see each other in the classroom right now because we   reflect infrared light.

  emit thermal radiation.

  emit infrared light.

  reflect visible light.

  emit visible light.


Question 29 1 pts Why did the solar nebula heat up as it collapsed?

multiple_choice_question   7010111
 Why did the solar nebula heat up as it collapsed?
Why did the solar nebula heat up as it collapsed?   Collisions among planetesimals generated friction and heat.

  Nuclear fusion occurring in the core of the protosun produced energy that heated the nebula.

  The shock wave from a nearby supernova heated the gas.

  Radiation from other nearby stars that had formed earlier heated the nebula.

  As the cloud shrank, its gravitational potential energy was converted to kinetic energy and then into thermal energy.


Question 30 1 pts Why do jovian planets bulge around the equator, that is, have a "squashed" appearance?

multiple_choice_question   7010112
 Why do jovian planets bulge around the equator, that is, have a "squashed" appearance?
Why do jovian planets bulge around the equator, that is, have a "squashed" appearance?   Their internal heat sources exert a pressure against the sides of the planets.

  Their large systems of moons and rings gravitationally attract the mass around the equator more.

  They are much more massive than the terrestrial planets.

  Their rapid rotation flings the mass near the equator outward.

  all of the above


Question 31 1 pts Which of the jovian planets have rings?

multiple_choice_question   7010113
 Which of the jovian planets have rings?
Which of the jovian planets have rings?   Neptune

  Jupiter

  Saturn

  Uranus

  all of the above


Question 32 1 pts A rocky leftover planetesimal orbiting the Sun is

multiple_choice_question   7010114
 A rocky leftover planetesimal orbiting the Sun is
A rocky leftover planetesimal orbiting the Sun is   a meteorite.

  an asteroid.

  a meteor.

  a comet.

  possibly any of the above


Question 33 1 pts What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in gravitational equilibrium?

multiple_choice_question   7010115
 What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in gravitational equilibrium?
What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in gravitational equilibrium?   The hydrogen gas in the Sun is balanced so that it never rises upward or falls downward.

  The Sun maintains a steady temperature.

  The Sun always has the same amount of mass, creating the same gravitational force.

  This is another way of stating that the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion.

  There is a balance within the Sun between the outward push of pressure and the inward pull of gravity.


Question 34 1 pts Since all stars begin their lives with the same basic composition, what characteristic most determines how they will differ?

multiple_choice_question   7010116
 Since all stars begin their lives with the same basic composition, what characteristic most determines how they will differ?
Since all stars begin their lives with the same basic composition, what characteristic most determines how they will differ?   luminosity they are formed with

  location where they are formed

  color they are formed with

  mass they are formed with

  time they are formed


Question 35 1 pts What is the likely reason that we cannot find any examples of the first generation stars?

multiple_choice_question   7010117
 What is the likely reason that we cannot find any examples of the first generation stars?
What is the likely reason that we cannot find any examples of the first generation stars?   The first generation stars formed with only H and He and therefore have no spectral features.

  The first generation stars formed such a long time ago that the light from them has not yet had time to reach us.

  The first generation stars are too faint to be visible now.

  We do not know how the first generation stars were formed.

  The first generation stars were all very massive and exploded as supernova.


Question 36 1 pts What happens when a star exhausts its core hydrogen supply?

multiple_choice_question   7010118
 What happens when a star exhausts its core hydrogen supply?
What happens when a star exhausts its core hydrogen supply?   It contracts, becoming hotter and brighter.

  It expands, becoming bigger but dimmer.

  It contracts, becoming smaller and dimmer.

  Its core contracts, but its outer layers expand and the star becomes bigger but cooler and therefore remains at the same brightness.

  Its core contracts, but its outer layers expand and the star becomes bigger and brighter.


Question 37 1 pts Degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that stops the crush of gravity in all the following except

multiple_choice_question   7010119
 Degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that stops the crush of gravity in all the following except
Degeneracy pressure is the source of the pressure that stops the crush of gravity in all the following except   a very massive main-sequence star.

  a neutron star.

  a white dwarf.

  a brown dwarf.

  the central core of the Sun after hydrogen fusion ceases but before helium fusion begins.


Question 38 1 pts After a massive-star supernova, what is left behind?

multiple_choice_question   7010120
 After a massive-star supernova, what is left behind?
After a massive-star supernova, what is left behind?   either a neutron star or a black hole

  always a white dwarf

  always a neutron star

  either a white dwarf or a neutron star

  always a black hole


Question 39 1 pts White dwarfs are so called because

multiple_choice_question   7010121
 White dwarfs are so called because
White dwarfs are so called because   they are the end-products of small, low-mass stars.

  they are supported by electron degeneracy pressure.

  it amplifies the contrast with red giants.

  they are both very hot and very small.

  they are the opposite of black holes.


Question 40 1 pts What is happening inside a star while it expands into a subgiant?

multiple_choice_question   7010122
 What is happening inside a star while it expands into a subgiant?
What is happening inside a star while it expands into a subgiant?   It is fusing helium into carbon in a shell outside the core.

  It is fusing hydrogen into helium in the core.

  It is fusing helium into carbon in the core.

  It is not fusing any element; it is contracting and heating up.

  It is fusing hydrogen into helium in a shell outside the core.


Question 41 1 pts When does a protostar become a true star?

multiple_choice_question   7010123
 When does a protostar become a true star?
When does a protostar become a true star?   when the central temperature reaches 1 million Kelvin

  when the thermal energy becomes trapped in the center

  when nuclear fusion begins in the core

  when the star is 1 million years old

  when the stellar winds and jets blow away the surrounding material


Question 42 1 pts On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass?

multiple_choice_question   7010124
 On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass?
On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, where on the main sequence would we find stars that have the greatest mass?   upper right

  lower left

  upper left

  lower right


Question 43 1 pts Which of the following statements about an open cluster is true?

multiple_choice_question   7010125
 Which of the following statements about an open cluster is true?
Which of the following statements about an open cluster is true?   All stars in the cluster are approximately the same color.

  All stars in the cluster have approximately the same mass.

  All stars in the cluster will evolve similarly.

  All stars in the cluster are approximately the same age.

  There is an approximately equal number of all types of stars in the cluster.


Question 44 1 pts In order to understand star clusters, we need to be able to estimate their ages. What technique do scientists use for this?

multiple_choice_question   7010126
 In order to understand star clusters, we need to be able to estimate their ages. What technique do scientists use for this?
In order to understand star clusters, we need to be able to estimate their ages. What technique do scientists use for this?   finding the main-sequence turnoff point of the stars

  counting the planets that have formed around the largest stars

  calculating orbital parameters using Kepler's Laws

  radioisotope dating


Question 45 1 pts The large gaps in the asteroid belt (often called Kirkwood gaps. are caused by

multiple_choice_question   7010127
 The large gaps in the asteroid belt (often called Kirkwood gaps.  are caused by
The large gaps in the asteroid belt (often called Kirkwood gaps. are caused by   orbital resonances with Jupiter.

  large asteroids that clear certain regions of the asteroid belt.

  the competing gravitational tugs of Mars and Jupiter.

  tidal forces from Jupiter.

  tidal forces from the Sun.


Question 46 1 pts Processed meteorites with high metal content probably are

multiple_choice_question   7010128
 Processed meteorites with high metal content probably are
Processed meteorites with high metal content probably are   pieces of comets rather than of asteroids.

  chunks of rock chipped off the planet Mars.

  chunks of a larger asteroid that was shattered by a collision.

  chunks of rock chipped off the planet Mercury.

  leftover chunks of rock from the earliest period in the formation of the solar system.


Question 47 1 pts How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?

multiple_choice_question   7010129
 How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?
How do astronomers think Jupiter generates its internal heat?   radioactive decay

  internal friction due to its high rotation rate

  by contracting, changing gravitational potential energy into thermal energy

  nuclear fusion in the core

  chemical processes


Question 48 1 pts Why is Saturn almost as big as Jupiter, despite its smaller mass?

multiple_choice_question   7010130
 Why is Saturn almost as big as Jupiter, despite its smaller mass?
Why is Saturn almost as big as Jupiter, despite its smaller mass?   Jupiter's strong magnetic field constrains its size.

  Jupiter's greater mass compresses it more, thus increasing its density.

  Saturn is further from the Sun, thus cooler, and therefore less compact.

  Saturn's rings make the planet look bigger.

  Saturn has a larger proportion of hydrogen and helium than Jupiter, and is therefore less dense.


Question 49 1 pts Why does Jupiter have several distinct cloud layers?

multiple_choice_question   7010131
 Why does Jupiter have several distinct cloud layers?
Why does Jupiter have several distinct cloud layers?   Different gases are present at different altitudes in Jupiter's atmosphere.

  Different layers represent clouds made of gases that condense at different temperatures.

  Winds prevent clouds from forming at some altitudes, so we see clouds only at the other altitudes.

  Clouds form randomly, so on average there are always several layers.

  Different layers represent the various regions where the temperature is cool enough for liquid water to condense.


Question 50 1 pts What mechanism is most responsible for generating the internal heat of Io that drives the volcanic activity?

multiple_choice_question   7010132
 What mechanism is most responsible for generating the internal heat of Io that drives the volcanic activity?
What mechanism is most responsible for generating the internal heat of Io that drives the volcanic activity?   bombardment

  tidal heating

  radioactive decay

  differentiation

  accretion


Question 51 1 pts According to our theory of solar system formation, why do all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction and in nearly the same plane?

multiple_choice_question   7010133
 According to our theory of solar system formation, why do all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction and in nearly the same plane?
According to our theory of solar system formation, why do all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction and in nearly the same plane?   The laws of conservation of energy and conservation of angular momentum ensure that any rotating, collapsing cloud will end up as a spinning disk.

  Any planets that once orbited in the opposite direction or a different plane were ejected from the solar system.

  The original solar nebula happened to be disk-shaped by chance.

  Luck explains it, as we would expect that most other solar systems would not have all their planets orbiting in such a pattern.

  The Sun formed first, and as it grew in size it spread into a disk, rather like the way a ball of dough can be flattened into a pizza by spinning it.


Question 52 1 pts What was the frost line of the solar system?

multiple_choice_question   7010134
 What was the frost line of the solar system?
What was the frost line of the solar system?   the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for asteroids to form, between the present-day orbits of Venus and Earth

  the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for metals to condense, between the Sun and the present-day orbit of Mercury

  the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for rocks to condense, between the present-day orbits of Mercury and Venus

  the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for hydrogen compounds to condense into ices, between the present-day orbits of Mars and Jupiter

  the distance from the Sun where temperatures were low enough for hydrogen and helium to condense, between the present-day orbits of Jupiter and Saturn


Question 53 1 pts Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true?

multiple_choice_question   7010135
 Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true?
Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true?   A hot object emits more radio waves than a cool object.

  A hot object emits more X rays than a cool object.

  A hot object emits more total radiation than a cool object.

  A hot object emits more total radiation per unit surface area than a cool object.

  A hot object emits less total radiation than a cool object.


Question 54 1 pts Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true?

multiple_choice_question   7010136
 Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true?
Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true?   A hot object emits more X rays than a cool object.

  A hot object emits photons with a higher average energy than a cool object.

  A hot object emits more radio waves than a cool object.

  A hot object emits photons with a longer wavelength than a cool object.


Question 55 1 pts One of the "nails in the coffin" for Earth-centered universe was

multiple_choice_question   7010137
 One of the "nails in the coffin" for Earth-centered universe was
One of the "nails in the coffin" for Earth-centered universe was   eclipses of the Sun.

  Galileo's observation of stars in the Milky Way.

  Galileo's observations of the moons of Jupiter.

  the retrograde motion of the planets.

  the phases of the Moon.


Question 56 1 pts What is the ecliptic?

multiple_choice_question   7010138
 What is the ecliptic?
What is the ecliptic?   the Moon's apparent path along the celestial sphere

  when the Moon passes in front of the Sun

  the Sun's apparent path along the celestial sphere

  the Sun's daily path across the sky

  the constellations commonly used in astrology to predict the future


Question 57 1 pts All of the following statements are true. Which one explains the reason why there is not a solar eclipse at every new Moon?

multiple_choice_question   7010139
 All of the following statements are true. Which one explains the reason why there is not a solar eclipse at every new Moon?
All of the following statements are true. Which one explains the reason why there is not a solar eclipse at every new Moon?   The nodes of the Moon's orbit precess with an 18-year period.

  The Moon rotates synchronously with its revolution about Earth.

  The orbital plane of the Moon is tilted by about 5° to the ecliptic plane.

  The Moon is the primary cause of tides on Earth.

  The sidereal month is shorter than the lunar month.


Question 58 1 pts Although it is difficult to tell from our vantage point inside the galaxy, astronomers suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral.

true_false_question   7010140
 Although it is difficult to tell from our vantage point inside the galaxy, astronomers suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral.
Although it is difficult to tell from our vantage point inside the galaxy, astronomers suspect that the Milky Way is a barred spiral.   True

  False


Question 59 1 pts Spiral galaxies have more gas, dust, and younger stars than elliptical galaxies do.

true_false_question   7010141
 Spiral galaxies have more gas, dust, and younger stars than elliptical galaxies do.
Spiral galaxies have more gas, dust, and younger stars than elliptical galaxies do.   True

  False


Question 60 1 pts Massive-star supernovae and white-dwarf supernovae work equally well as standard candles for measuring cosmic distances.

true_false_question   7010142
 Massive-star supernovae and white-dwarf supernovae work equally well as standard candles for measuring cosmic distances.
Massive-star supernovae and white-dwarf supernovae work equally well as standard candles for measuring cosmic distances.   True

  False


Question 61 1 pts We can see most of the galaxy with visible light.

true_false_question   7010143
 We can see most of the galaxy with visible light.
We can see most of the galaxy with visible light.   True

  False


Question 62 1 pts All heavy elements are made during supernova events.

true_false_question   7010144
 All heavy elements are made during supernova events.
All heavy elements are made during supernova events.   True

  False


Question 63 1 pts Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were made inside stars.

true_false_question   7010145
 Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were made inside stars.
Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were made inside stars.   True

  False


Question 64 1 pts The more distant a star, the smaller its parallax.

true_false_question   7010146
 The more distant a star, the smaller its parallax.
The more distant a star, the smaller its parallax.   True

  False


Question 65 1 pts In any star cluster, stars with lower masses greatly outnumber those with higher masses.

true_false_question   7010147
 In any star cluster, stars with lower masses greatly outnumber those with higher masses.
In any star cluster, stars with lower masses greatly outnumber those with higher masses.   True

  False


Question 66 1 pts The upper limit to the mass of a white dwarf is 1.4 solar masses.

true_false_question   7010148
 The upper limit to the mass of a white dwarf is 1.4 solar masses.
The upper limit to the mass of a white dwarf is 1.4 solar masses.   True

  False


Question 67 1 pts There is no upper limit to the mass of a neutron star.

true_false_question   7010149
 There is no upper limit to the mass of a neutron star.
There is no upper limit to the mass of a neutron star.   True

  False


Question 68 1 pts All pulsars are neutron stars, but not all neutron stars are pulsars.

true_false_question   7010150
 All pulsars are neutron stars, but not all neutron stars are pulsars.
All pulsars are neutron stars, but not all neutron stars are pulsars.   True

  False


Question 69 1 pts There is no limit to the mass with which a star can be born.

true_false_question   7010151
 There is no limit to the mass with which a star can be born.
There is no limit to the mass with which a star can be born.   True

  False


Question 70 1 pts Stars with high masses live longer than stars with lower masses.

true_false_question   7010152
 Stars with high masses live longer than stars with lower masses.
Stars with high masses live longer than stars with lower masses.   True

  False


Question 71 1 pts Two stars both lie on the main sequence. Star X is spectral type A, while Star Y is spectral type G. Therefore, Star X is more massive than Star Y.

true_false_question   7010153
 Two stars both lie on the main sequence. Star X is spectral type A, while Star Y is spectral type G. Therefore, Star X is more massive than Star Y.
Two stars both lie on the main sequence. Star X is spectral type A, while Star Y is spectral type G. Therefore, Star X is more massive than Star Y.   True

  False


Question 72 1 pts The Sun generates energy primarily by nuclear fission.

true_false_question   7010154
 The Sun generates energy primarily by nuclear fission.
The Sun generates energy primarily by nuclear fission.   True

  False


Question 73 1 pts Gravitational equilibrium means that the surface and the core of the Sun are at the same pressure.

true_false_question   7010155
 Gravitational equilibrium means that the surface and the core of the Sun are at the same pressure.
Gravitational equilibrium means that the surface and the core of the Sun are at the same pressure.   True

  False


Question 74 1 pts Although the Sun does not generate energy by gravitational contraction today, this energy-generation mechanism was important when the Sun was forming.

true_false_question   7010156
 Although the Sun does not generate energy by gravitational contraction today, this energy-generation mechanism was important when the Sun was forming.
Although the Sun does not generate energy by gravitational contraction today, this energy-generation mechanism was important when the Sun was forming.   True

  False