2020-05-02 Saturday: 5 Travel

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
---
Homework: 3-4 test
---
p. 57 (pdf p. 1) - Where is the picture from? What kind of vacation is it? - Antarctica; cruise
part 2 - Discuss with your partners whether you’ve had these experiences, and try to come up with one piece of advice for each thing.
---
p. 58 (pdf p. 2) part 1 - Look at the map and guess what you think is the correct information
Listen and check.
Read the article.
---
1800 = “one thousand eight hundred” or “eighteen hundred”
1200 = “one thousand two hundred” or “twelve hundred”
“miles” rhymes with “smiles”
---
part 2 - Which question goes with each paragraph?
1 d
2 b
3 a
4 c
5 e
---
Grammar: simple past and present perfect

What tense is used in paragraph 2? Why?
- present perfect, these happened or started in the past, but could happen more now or in the future
Paragraph 3? Why?
- simple past, these events happened once in the past and finished
---
If a sentence includes a time frame that is definitely finished (e.g. “last year”, “in 2005”, “a few years ago”) then we also know the action is finished, so use simple past.
If the sentences has a time frame that isn’t finished (e.g. “this year” or “today”) then we can use simple past or present perfect, with a different meaning:
	I haven’t eaten breakfast today. = I still might eat breakfast.
	I didn’t eat breakfast today. = I won’t have breakfast today. The time for breakfast today is over.

	I have had one cup of coffee today. = I might have more later.
	I had one cup of coffee today. = I’m done for the day.
---
p. 59 (pdf p. 3) part 7 - Write the present perfect or simple past form of each verb to complete the paragraph.
1 have also flown
2 has done (1 and 2 are about things he has done sometime during his career)
3 once spent
4 didn’t have (“that journey” refers to the 11 months he spent walking the Pacific coast)
5 filled
6 has used (“over the years” includes the past up to now)
---
Present perfect is very common for talking about life experiences, when we understand the time frame to be “in your life” or “in my life”:
	I have visited 10 different countries (in my life).
	Have you ever lost your luggage (in your life)?
- Because we are both still alive now, this is an unfinished time frame. These things could happen (again) in the future.
---
part 9 - Which tense do we usually use with these expressions?
present perfect: already, since, so far, this month, for, in the last ten years
past simple: in 2009, last summer, yesterday, for, a few years ago, (once)
---
I have lived in Boston for 12 years. = I still live in Boston now.
I lived in Mexico for one year. = I don’t live in Mexico any more. Living there is finished.
---
part 10 - In pairs, tell your partner sentences that are true for you.
1 I’ve improved my English a lot in the last six months.
2 I’ve lived in Boston for 8 months.
3 I’ve watched Sing many times.
4 I’ve already read a book this month.
5 I had a great vacation one year ago.
6 I once worked in an airport for three years.
7 I ate beans at lunchtime.
8 After I left school, I went to my home.
---
“after I left school” can mean after classes finished one day, or after I graduated

I took a nap at lunchtime. = Yesterday, during lunch time, I took a nap.
I have taken a nap at lunchtime. = Sometime in my life, I took a nap during lunch.
	(“a nap at lunchtime” is an experience I have had)

I went to Disney World for Christmas. = Last Christmas, I took a vacation to Disney.
I have been to Disney World for Christmas. = Sometime in my life, I spent Christmas at Disney.
---
p. 60 (pdf p. 4) - Where do you think these photos were taken?
A - Dubai / Shanghai / Hong Kong
B - Ireland / Norway
C - India
D - Colombia / Peru / Hawaii / Congo / Italy / Australia / New Zealand / Mexico / Indonesia (Bali)
---
BREAK
---
Vocabulary: vacation destinations
part 1 - Which words can describe each photo?
unspoiled = untouched or unaffected by human development or construction
	(“spoil” can generally mean “ruin” or “make not nice”)
---
Read the text and identify the types of vacations people go on in each area.
1 cruises
2 safaris
3 bush camps
4 cultural tours
---
“bush” sometimes just means “wilderness”
---
Grammar: present perfect continuous

form: have/has + been + verb(ing)
	(perfect = [have] + past participle)
	(continuous = [be] + verb(ing))

meaning: an action that started in the past and is still happening now

contrast with present perfect:
	I have written a book. = The book is finished (but I could write more books, so use perfect).
	I have been writing a book. = The book is not finished. I’m still writing it now.

contrast with present continuous:
	I’m thinking about moving. = I’m thinking about it now (but it may be a new idea).
	I’ve been thinking about moving. = I started thinking about it before (so it’s not a new idea).

Perfect continuous forms are very common when telling how much time an action has continued.
	past perfect continuous: They had been dating for three years before they got engaged.
	future perfect continuous: In June, I will have been living here for five years.
---
p. 61 (pdf p. 5) part 8 - Match the activities with the results, and make sentences about each situation.
1 e - We’ve been tracking elephants today, and we’ve taken some amazing photos.
2 a - I’ve been lying by the pool, and I have finished my book.
3 b - I’ve been looking for a cheap deal, but I haven’t found one.
4 c - I’ve been touring European cities, and I have seen dozens of churches.
5 f - I’ve been following the coastal path, and I have walked ten miles.
6 d - I’ve been visiting local markets, and I have spent a fortune.
I have seen a dozen churches. = I have seen 12 churches.
---
p. 65 (pdf p. 9) part 1 - Read the postcard and answer the questions
1 She came from Bangkok and is now in Sydney, Australia.
2 Friends - She would not say “my uncle in Brisbane” to family, she’d say his name.
---
part 2a - Find examples of each feature of informal language in the postcard.
abbreviations: bc, ps, pics
parentheses: (fell off every time!), (wow!)
contractions: haven’t
exclamation marks: !
informal expressions: Hi, Down Under, wow, [no closing]
listing items: (leaving out “and” in a list)
leaving out words: (I) finally made it, (The) weather here (is) glorious, (I received a) text from my uncle, (He) has found me a job, new pics (are) up on Flickr
---
Game: “Two Truths and a Lie”
- Write three sentences about yourself in present perfect. Two sentences must be true and one must be false.
- After everyone has written their sentences, the rest of us will try to guess the false one.
---
She has been to Spain. = She has traveled to Spain and returned.
She has gone to Spain. = She is still in Spain now. She hasn’t returned yet.
---
Homework: Write a postcard from a real or imagined vacation. Use the grammar from this unit and practice some of the first five informal features (NOT listing or leaving out words).
	Also: read p. 75 (Unit 6 pdf p. 7) and do parts 3, 4, and 5 on p. 74 (pdf p. 6)