2017-01-24 TOEFL: word roots, listening detail

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Multiple Intelligences video
What is a “jack of all trades”?
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Word Roots 1 - With your partners, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
act = do (this root is related to “agent” and “execute”)
aer =  air (“aeroplane” is the spelling of the machine in British English)
agri/agro = farm
ambi = both (“dextrous” originally meant “right-handed”, so “ambidextrous” is like both hands are right hands, which for most people is the hand they write with)
amb(u)l = walk
ami/amo = love
*andro = man (contrasted with gyno = woman)
anim = life/spirit
ann/enn = year
ante/anti = before (spelled with ‘i’ in “anticipate”)
anthropo = human
anti = against
aqua = water (in some contexts, it means fresh (not salty) water: aquatic animals live in rivers and lakes, marine animals live in the sea or ocean)
arch = first / most important (an “architect” was originally the most important worker or designer for something)
(archa = primitive, from the idea of “first”)
art = skill
aster/astro = star (A “disaster” originally referred to bad stars, in the astrological sense.)
aud = hear
auto = self
bell = war (“antebellum” = before the (US civil) war)
bene = good
bio = life
cept/ceive = take
cardi = heart
carn = meat/flesh/body
cede/ceed = go (some word forms are spelled with “cess”)
cent = hundred (century = a period of 100 years; centennial = the 100th year after something)
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DELTA p. 53-54 has lists of prefixes and stems to help with vocabulary
prefixes modify the meaning of a stem (by adding the idea of “before”, for example)
suffixes modify the form of a word (they change nouns to verbs, for example)
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Listening Section - second section (after reading)
60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets of three listenings, each set includes one conversation and two academic lectures or discussions
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Listening Question Types:
- detail
- main idea / gist
- inference
- prediction (most common with conversations)
- purpose (why is the conversation or talk happening?)
- organization (how is the lecture organized?)
- function (why does the person say this?)
- attitude (how does the person feel about this?)
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In the DELTA book, these are divided into main idea, details, attitude and purpose, inferences and predictions, function, and organization
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DELTA p. 204 - Detail questions are about specific information from the conversation or class.
(In a lecture about bird behavior, detail questions will ask you for information about birds.)
p. 205 - Take notes on part of a lecture. Then answer the questions on p. 203.
1 B
2 B C
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BREAK
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Handout (Cambridge p. 275-281) p. 275 - Listen to each statement, then decide which choice gives the same information.
1 B
2 A
3 B
4 B
5 A
6 B
7 B
8 A
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p. 276 - Listen and take notes to each lecture or conversation. Then choose TWO answers to each question. (These questions are worth 2 points, 1 for each answer.)
1 A C
2 B D
3 A B
4 B C
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p. 277 - Choose ALL of the correct answers. (This is not the format of any questions on the TOEFL.)
1 A B D
2 A B
3 A D
4 B C
p. 279 (This is a common question type, and is basically the same as the last exercise.)
Listen and take notes, then answer each question.
These questions are worth 3 points for all 5 correct, 2 points for 4, 1 point for 3, and 0 points for 0-2.
1 yes yes no yes no (C and E happen, but not as part of training)
2 no yes yes yes no (You have to choose the events that *hurt* the movement.)
3 no no yes yes yes (Benefits that aphids get from ants, not the other way around.)
p. 280-281 - categorization
1 A prisms
  B plates
  C stars
2 A antiviral
  B antibacterial
  C antibacterial
3 A refrigerator
  B icehouse
  C icebox
4 A drops
  B drops
  C drops
  D flow
  E flow
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Bring these listening notes tomorrow. We’ll also review and practice integrated writing.