2019-03-12 TOEFL: word roots, reading purpose

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Word Roots (list 3) - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ego (egocentric, egotistical, egomania) = self
endo (endotherm, endocrine) = inside
epi (epiphyte, epidermis, epidemic) = on/upon
equi (equidistant, equation) = same (quantity)
erg (ergonomic, energy) = work
esth/aesth (anesthetic, kinesthesia) = perception/feeling (many words that begin with this root are related to beauty)
eu (eulogy, euphemism, euphoria) = good (the opposite prefix is “dys”)
ex/ect (ex-husband, exit, excavate, ectotherm) = out/away
extra (extraordinary, extrovert, extraterrestrial) = outward/beyond (“tra” was originally a comparative)
fac/fact (artifact, factory) = make/do
fer (transfer, ferry) = carry
flect/flex (deflect, reflection, flexible) = bend
fore (foreground, forecast) = front/before (Along with “pre”, “pro”, “prim”, “first” - these are all related.)
fract/frag (fracture, fragment) = break
fug (refugee, fugitive) = flee/escape
funct (function, defunct) = perform
gen (generation, generate, genealogy) = make/create (create -> birth -> family -> kind/type: genre/genus)
geo (geography, geology, geodesy, geocentric) = Earth
graph (autograph, graphite, seismograph) = draw/write
grat (gratify, gratuity, grateful) = please
helio (heliocentric, heliograph, helium) = Sun
hemo (hemophilia, hemorrhage, hemoglobin) = blood
hetero (heterogeneous, heteronym) = different
homo (homogeneous, homonym, homophone, homograph) = same
hydro (hydrate, hydraulic, hydrophobia) = water/fluid
hyper (hyperextend, hyperactive, hypertension) = over
hypo (hypodermic, hypothermia, hypotension) = under
---
Magazines like National Geographic, Smithsonian, Scientific American, etc., can be really helpful to improve your academic vocabulary and knowledge.
---
TOEFL: 4 hours, 4 sections, 120 points total (30/section), $205
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, about 14 questions each
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 2 or 3 sets (each = 3 listenings, 5+6+6 questions, 10 minutes to answer)
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes, 6 tasks, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: about 60 minutes, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
---
Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- reference (pronouns)
- inference
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- paraphrase
- purpose/method
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
---
BREAK
---
Purpose Questions - why does the author say something?
Method Questions - how does the author accomplish something?
---
Handout (Cengage) p. 85 exercise 4.1 - Answer the true/false questions about each passage
Passage 1 - 60s each
1 T
2 F
3 F
4 F (purely scientific = optical physics; applied technology = optical engineering)
Passage 2 - 45s each
5 T
6 T (“The challenge is like the irritating grain of sand”)
7 F
8 T
9 F (It’s the other way around.)
10 T
11 F
Passage 3 - 45s each
12 F
13 T
14 F (These are the cities of her later “triumphant performances”.)
15 T
Passage 4
16 F
17 F
18 F
19 T
20 T
Passage 5
21 T
22 F
23 T
24 T (A failure to lead is a failure of leadership.)
Passage 6
25 F
26 T
27 T
Passage 7
28 T
29 F
30 F
31 T
---
Homework: Handout (Cengage) exercise 4.1 (p. 91-101)