2019-10-30 TOEFL: reading inference, listening inference

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: Answer the rest of the questions in exercise 3.2. (questions 6-34, passages 2-4)
Compare your answers with your partner. Try to convince them of your answers if you disagree.
6 B
7 C
8 A
9 A
10 B (Families that have a common origin are called Hiruzama asteroids, but this isn’t all families.)
11 B (The first two theories are not what people believe any more.)
12 A (It was discovered in July of 2002, and the year followed by two letters is a temporary name. A different asteroid, 2002 Euler, was the 2002nd to be discovered.)
13 D (This is a permanent name, so the number is the order of discovery. Eros is a god, not a goddess.)
14 A (“Even after these names were used up” means the mythological names were used up sooner, so some of the first 333 are other female names.)
15 C
	https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPNames.html
16 B
17 A (C may also be true, but can’t be inferred from the information in the text.)
18 A (“leaking out into the loose rock” is what would happen without geyserite, so it prevents water from passing through. A hot spring has geyserite but is not a geyser.)
19 D
20 C
21 B
22 A (A volcano is mentioned because the geyserite “looks like” one, so it has a similar shape.)
23 D (Geysers with open pools are fountain geysers, and Old Faithful is a columnar or cone geyser.)
24 A (They “still retain” the word “field”, so they have been in operation since the time when that was common.)
25 C
26 C
27 A
28 B
29 C
30 A
31 D
32 B
33 C
34 D
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- Sometimes it’s probably helpful to take notes on a large paragraph in a reading passage, to simply the information and make sure you understand it.
	first discovered = temp name, like 2006 AC
		year + 2 letters (half-month and order)
	then - permanent name
		number (of discovery) + name, like 1 Ceres or 334 Chicago
		mythological females
		all females until 334 Chicago
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Listening Section:
- two or three sets of listenings, which can be long or short (one long and one or two short sets)
	long set = 1 conversation (5Q), 1 lecture (6Q), 1 discussion (6Q); 10 minutes to choose answers
	short set = 1 conversation, 1 lecture or discussion; 6.5 minutes to choose answers
- you’ll listen only once, followed by questions
- you cannot return to earlier questions after you click “next”
- You will read and hear each question, and the timer continues after the answer choices appear
- On the official test, you will have to click “next” and then click “confirm” in order to move on
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Listening Question Types:
- main idea (topic or purpose)
- detail/fact
- attitude
- replay (function)
- inference
- purpose
- complete a chart or table
- prediction
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Cambridge exercise L18 - Are the inferences correct (write “yes” or “no”)
1 Yes
2 No
3 No
4 Yes
exercise L19 - Choose the correct answer to each inference question.
1 B
2 D
3 A
4 B
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BREAK
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exercise L20 - Listen to parts of conversations or lectures and answer the questions in your own words
1 She is or plans to be an art major.
2 Those are low-tech toys that children don’t lose interest in, because they can be anything.
3 It’s an opportunity to hear regional Spanish accents, and it’s a chance to be exposed to Spanish outside the class.
4 There has been an assault on campus.
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Oxford p. 231 - pre-listening questions
In British English, a university faculty is a large subdivision of the university, which in the US might be called a school or college (bigger than a department).
A major is your primary area of study, and it’s what your degree will be in.
A minor is a secondary area of study, which doesn’t require as many total classes to complete.
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exercise 4L5 - What abbreviations could you use in your notes for these things?
1 apt / appt / appmt
2 bhr / bhvr (Many English words can be reliably abbreviated by removing vowels.)
3 cog neurosc / CNS / cog ns
4 bio sci
5 special [mortarboard picture] / spec degs
6 rqmt / req
	(In a course catalog, “prereq” and “coreq” are common abbreviations.)
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Listen to the conversation and take notes.
exercise 4L6 - Use your notes to answer the detail and inference quesitons about the conversation.
1 c
2 a (The psychology department is in the Arts Faculty. There is no “Arts and Sciences” faculty, or else she wouldn’t have to switch.)
3 a d (“Losing credit” is not the same as “losing credits”, which are the “units” of study that you’ve done.)
4 b c d
5 c d
6 c (“The end of February” “doesn’t give us much time”, so it’s already winter.)
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A credit is often called a credit-hour. It’s usually one lesson per week for a full term. For example, a class that meets for 3 lessons a week will be three credits.
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exercise 4L7 - Listen and take notes on another piece of paper.
Then with your partner, use your notes to complete the outline on p. 232.
1. Study
    * participants
    - school children
    * method
    - measured body mass, did exercise to assess fitness, took a (cognitive) test
    * results
    - fittest students scored higher
2. Science behind results = process
    1. move the muscles
    2. produces IFG-1, which goes to the brain
    3. increases the production of BDNF
3. BDNF = Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
    * promotes higher level thought
    * more exercise = more capacity to handle cognitive tasks
    * study: BDNF causes new brain cells and new connections between cells
    * chemical that facilitates learning
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exercise 4L8 - Answer the questions.
1 c
2 d
3 b
4 a c
5 a
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Homework: Delta exercises 2.4.A and 2.4.B