function isInArray(array, value, caseSensitive)
	if(caseSensitive == nil or caseSensitive == false) and type(value) == "string" then
		local lowerValue = value:lower()
		for _, _value in ipairs(array) do
			if type(_value) == "string" and lowerValue == _value:lower() then
				return true
			end
		end
	else
		for _, _value in ipairs(array) do
			if (value == _value) then return true end
		end
	end

	return false
end
function getBooleanFromString(input)
	local tmp = type(input)
	if(tmp == 'boolean') then
		return input
	end

	if(tmp == 'number') then
		return input > 0
	end

	local str = string.lower(tostring(input))
	return (str == "yes" or str == "true" or (tonumber(str) ~= nil and tonumber(str) > 0))
end

function doPlayerGiveItem(cid, itemid, amount, subType)
	local item = 0
	if(isItemStackable(itemid)) then
		item = doCreateItemEx(itemid, amount)
		if(doPlayerAddItemEx(cid, item, true) ~= RETURNVALUE_NOERROR) then
			return false
		end
	else
		for i = 1, amount do
			item = doCreateItemEx(itemid, subType)
			if(doPlayerAddItemEx(cid, item, true) ~= RETURNVALUE_NOERROR) then
				return false
			end
		end
	end

	return true
end

function getItemNameById(itemid)
	return getItemDescriptionsById(itemid).name
end

function doPlayerGiveItemContainer(cid, containerid, itemid, amount, subType)
	for i = 1, amount do
		local container = doCreateItemEx(containerid, 1)
		for x = 1, getContainerCapById(containerid) do
			doAddContainerItem(container, itemid, subType)
		end

		if(doPlayerAddItemEx(cid, container, true) ~= RETURNVALUE_NOERROR) then
			return false
		end
	end

	return true
end

function doPlayerTakeItem(cid, itemid, amount)
	return getPlayerItemCount(cid, itemid) >= amount and doPlayerRemoveItem(cid, itemid, amount)
end

function doPlayerSellItem(cid, itemid, count, cost)
	if(not doPlayerTakeItem(cid, itemid, count)) then
		return false
	end

	if(not doPlayerAddMoney(cid, cost)) then
		error('[doPlayerSellItem] Could not add money to: ' .. getPlayerName(cid) .. ' (' .. cost .. 'gp).')
	end

	return true
end

function doPlayerWithdrawMoney(cid, amount)
	if(not getBooleanFromString(getConfigInfo('bankSystem'))) then
		return false
	end

	local balance = getPlayerBalance(cid)
	if(amount > balance or not doPlayerAddMoney(cid, amount)) then
		return false
	end

	doPlayerSetBalance(cid, balance - amount)
	return true
end

function doPlayerDepositMoney(cid, amount)
	if(not getBooleanFromString(getConfigInfo('bankSystem'))) then
		return false
	end

	if(not doPlayerRemoveMoney(cid, amount)) then
		return false
	end

	doPlayerSetBalance(cid, getPlayerBalance(cid) + amount)
	return true
end

function doPlayerAddStamina(cid, minutes)
	return doPlayerSetStamina(cid, getPlayerStamina(cid) + minutes)
end

function isPremium(cid)
	return (isPlayer(cid) and (getPlayerPremiumDays(cid) > 0 or getBooleanFromString(getConfigValue('freePremium'))))
end

function getMonthDayEnding(day)
	if(day == "01" or day == "21" or day == "31") then
		return "st"
	elseif(day == "02" or day == "22") then
		return "nd"
	elseif(day == "03" or day == "23") then
		return "rd"
	end

	return "th"
end

function getMonthString(m)
	return os.date("%B", os.time{year = 1970, month = m, day = 1})
end

function getArticle(str)
	return str:find("[AaEeIiOoUuYy]") == 1 and "an" or "a"
end

function doNumberFormat(i)
	local str, found = string.gsub(i, "(%d)(%d%d%d)$", "%1,%2", 1), 0
	repeat
		str, found = string.gsub(str, "(%d)(%d%d%d),", "%1,%2,", 1)
	until found == 0
	return str
end

function doPlayerAddAddons(cid, addon)
	for i = 0, table.maxn(maleOutfits) do
		doPlayerAddOutfit(cid, maleOutfits[i], addon)
	end

	for i = 0, table.maxn(femaleOutfits) do
		doPlayerAddOutfit(cid, femaleOutfits[i], addon)
	end
end

function getTibiaTime(num)
	local minutes, hours = getWorldTime(), 0
	while (minutes > 60) do
		hours = hours + 1
		minutes = minutes - 60
	end

	if(num) then
		return {hours = hours, minutes = minutes}
	end

	return {hours =  hours < 10 and '0' .. hours or '' .. hours, minutes = minutes < 10 and '0' .. minutes or '' .. minutes}
end

function doWriteLogFile(file, text)
	local f = io.open(file, "a+")
	if(not f) then
		return false
	end

	f:write("[" .. os.date("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S") .. "] " .. text .. "\n")
	f:close()
	return true
end

function getExperienceForLevel(lv)
	lv = lv - 1
	return ((50 * lv * lv * lv) - (150 * lv * lv) + (400 * lv)) / 3
end

function doMutePlayer(cid, time)
	local condition = createConditionObject(CONDITION_MUTED, (time == -1 and time or time * 1000))
	return doAddCondition(cid, condition, false)

end

function doSummonCreature(name, pos)
	local cid = doCreateMonster(name, pos, false, false)
	if(not cid) then
		cid = doCreateNpc(name, pos)
	end

	return cid
end

function getPlayersOnlineEx()
	local players = {}
	for i, cid in ipairs(getPlayersOnline()) do
		table.insert(players, getCreatureName(cid))
	end

	return players
end

function getPlayerByName(name)
	local cid = getCreatureByName(name)
	return isPlayer(cid) and cid or nil
end

function isPlayer(cid)
	return isCreature(cid) and cid >= AUTOID_PLAYERS and cid < AUTOID_MONSTERS
end

function isPlayerGhost(cid)
	return isPlayer(cid) and (getCreatureCondition(cid, CONDITION_GAMEMASTER, GAMEMASTER_INVISIBLE, CONDITIONID_DEFAULT) or getPlayerFlagValue(cid, PLAYERFLAG_CANNOTBESEEN))
end

function isMonster(cid)
	return isCreature(cid) and cid >= AUTOID_MONSTERS and cid < AUTOID_NPCS
end

function isNpc(cid)
	-- Npc IDs are over int32_t range (which is default for lua_pushnumber),
	-- therefore number is always a negative value.
	return isCreature(cid) and (cid < 0 or cid >= AUTOID_NPCS)
end

function isUnderWater(cid)
	return isInArray(underWater, getTileInfo(getCreaturePosition(cid)).itemid)
end

function doPlayerAddLevel(cid, amount, round)
	local experience, level, amount = 0, getPlayerLevel(cid), amount or 1
	if(amount > 0) then
		experience = getExperienceForLevel(level + amount) - (round and getPlayerExperience(cid) or getExperienceForLevel(level))
	else
		experience = -((round and getPlayerExperience(cid) or getExperienceForLevel(level)) - getExperienceForLevel(level + amount))
	end

	return doPlayerAddExperience(cid, experience)
end

function doPlayerAddMagLevel(cid, amount)
	local amount = amount or 1
	for i = 1, amount do
		doPlayerAddSpentMana(cid, getPlayerRequiredMana(cid, getPlayerMagLevel(cid, true) + 1) - getPlayerSpentMana(cid), false)
	end

	return true
end

function doPlayerAddSkill(cid, skill, amount, round)
	local amount = amount or 1
	if(skill == SKILL__LEVEL) then
		return doPlayerAddLevel(cid, amount, round)
	elseif(skill == SKILL__MAGLEVEL) then
		return doPlayerAddMagLevel(cid, amount)
	end

	for i = 1, amount do
		doPlayerAddSkillTry(cid, skill, getPlayerRequiredSkillTries(cid, skill, getPlayerSkillLevel(cid, skill) + 1) - getPlayerSkillTries(cid, skill), false)
	end

	return true
end

function isPrivateChannel(channelId)
	return channelId >= CHANNEL_PRIVATE
end

function doBroadcastMessage(text, class)
	local class = class or MESSAGE_STATUS_WARNING
	if(type(class) == 'string') then
		local className = MESSAGE_TYPES[class]
		if(className == nil) then
			return false
		end

		class = className
	elseif(class < MESSAGE_FIRST or class > MESSAGE_LAST) then
		return false
	end

	for _, pid in ipairs(getPlayersOnline()) do
		doPlayerSendTextMessage(pid, class, text)
	end

	print("> Broadcasted message: \"" .. text .. "\".")
	return true
end

function doPlayerBroadcastMessage(cid, text, class, checkFlag, ghost)
	local checkFlag, ghost, class = checkFlag or true, ghost or false, class or TALKTYPE_BROADCAST
	if(checkFlag and not getPlayerFlagValue(cid, PLAYERFLAG_CANBROADCAST)) then
		return false
	end

	if(type(class) == 'string') then
		local className = TALKTYPE_TYPES[class]
		if(className == nil) then
			return false
		end

		class = className
	elseif(class < TALKTYPE_FIRST or class > TALKTYPE_LAST) then
		return false
	end

	for _, pid in ipairs(getPlayersOnline()) do
		doCreatureSay(cid, text, class, ghost, pid)
	end

	print("> " .. getCreatureName(cid) .. " broadcasted message: \"" .. text .. "\".")
	return true
end

function doCopyItem(item, attributes)
	local attributes = ((type(attributes) == 'table') and attributes or { "aid" })

	local ret = doCreateItemEx(item.itemid, item.type)
	for _, key in ipairs(attributes) do
		local value = getItemAttribute(item.uid, key)
		if(value ~= nil) then
			doItemSetAttribute(ret, key, value)
		end
	end

	if(isContainer(item.uid)) then
		for i = (getContainerSize(item.uid) - 1), 0, -1 do
			local tmp = getContainerItem(item.uid, i)
			if(tmp.itemid > 0) then
				doAddContainerItemEx(ret, doCopyItem(tmp, true).uid)
			end
		end
	end

	return getThing(ret)
end

function doSetItemText(uid, text, writer, date)
	local thing = getThing(uid)
	if(thing.itemid < 100) then
		return false
	end

	doItemSetAttribute(uid, "text", text)
	if(writer ~= nil) then
		doItemSetAttribute(uid, "writer", tostring(writer))
		if(date ~= nil) then
			doItemSetAttribute(uid, "date", tonumber(date))
		end
	end

	return true
end

function getItemWeightById(itemid, count, precision)
	local item, count, precision = getItemInfo(itemid), count or 1, precision or false
	if(not item) then
		return false
	end

	if(count > 100) then
		-- print a warning, as its impossible to have more than 100 stackable items without "cheating" the count
		print('[Warning] getItemWeightById', 'Calculating weight for more than 100 items!')
	end

	local weight = item.weight * count
	return precission and weight or math.round(weight, 2)
end

function choose(...)
	local arg, ret = {...}

	if type(arg[1]) == 'table' then
		ret = arg[1][math.random(#arg[1])]
	else
		ret = arg[math.random(#arg)]
	end

	return ret
end

function doPlayerAddExpEx(cid, amount)
	if(not doPlayerAddExp(cid, amount)) then
		return false
	end

	local position = getThingPosition(cid)
	doPlayerSendTextMessage(cid, MESSAGE_EXPERIENCE, "You gained " .. amount .. " experience.", amount, COLOR_WHITE, position)

	local spectators, name = getSpectators(position, 7, 7), getCreatureName(cid)
	for _, pid in ipairs(spectators) do
		if(isPlayer(pid) and cid ~= pid) then
			doPlayerSendTextMessage(pid, MESSAGE_EXPERIENCE_OTHERS, name .. " gained " .. amount .. " experience.", amount, COLOR_WHITE, position)
		end
	end

	return true
end

function getItemTopParent(uid)
	local parent = getItemParent(uid)
	if(not parent or parent.uid == 0) then
		return nil
	end

	while(true) do
		local tmp = getItemParent(parent.uid)
		if(tmp and tmp.uid ~= 0) then
			parent = tmp
		else
			break
		end
	end

	return parent
end

function getItemHolder(uid)
	local parent = getItemParent(uid)
	if(not parent or parent.uid == 0) then
		return nil
	end

	local holder = nil
	while(true) do
		local tmp = getItemParent(parent.uid)
		if(tmp and tmp.uid ~= 0) then
			if(tmp.itemid == 1) then -- a creature
				holder = tmp
				break
			end

			parent = tmp
		else
			break
		end
	end

	return holder
end

function valid(f)
	return function(p, ...)
		if(isCreature(p)) then
			return f(p, ...)
		end
	end
end

function addContainerItems(container,items)
	local items_mod = {}
	for _, it in ipairs(items) do
		if( isItemStackable(it.id) and it.count > 100) then
			local c = it.count
			while( c > 100 ) do
				table.insert(items_mod,{id = it.id,count = 100})
				c = c - 100
			end
			if(c > 0) then
				table.insert(items_mod,{id = it.id,count = c})
			end
		else
			table.insert(items_mod,{id = it.id,count = 1})
		end
	end

	local free = getContainerCap(container.uid) - (getContainerSize(container.uid) )
	local count = math.ceil(#items_mod/ free)
	local main_bp = container.uid
	local insert_bp = main_bp
	local counter = 1
	for c,it in ipairs(items_mod) do
		local _c = isItemStackable(it.id) and (it.count > 100 and 100 or it.count) or 1
		if count > 1 then
			if (counter < free) then
				doAddContainerItem(insert_bp, it.id, _c)
			else
				insert_bp = doAddContainerItem(insert_bp, container.itemid, 1)
				count = (#items_mod)-(free-1)
				free = getContainerCap(insert_bp)
				count = math.ceil(count/ free)
				doAddContainerItem(insert_bp, it.id, _c)
				counter = 1
			end
			counter = counter + 1
		else
			doAddContainerItem(insert_bp, it.id, _c)
		end
	end

	return main_bp
end