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FFXIV riddle

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Jul 9th, 2014
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  1. There are 9 different letters in THAUMATURG and METEOR
  2.  
  3. THAUMRGEO and we have the numbers from 1 to 9
  4.  
  5. The equation is THAUM + ATURG = METEOR
  6.  
  7. I.) Even if we chose the highest possible 5-digit number that uses each digit only once for both words (98765)
  8. the result would still be 197530 so we can safely assume that the word METEOR starts with a 1.
  9.  
  10. ==> M = 1
  11.  
  12. II.) The next part I want to point out is more apparent if I write it like this:
  13.  
  14. |
  15. V
  16. THAUM
  17. +ATURG
  18. =METEOR
  19.  
  20. In this row you see that H + T = T. This can only occur under two conditions, H has to be 0 or 10. Neither 0 nor 10
  21. are in our list but we have access to a 9 and we can add a 1 if the previous addition "A+U" was bigger than 10.
  22. We end up with "H + T = 10+T". "10+T" means the digit we want for T and a carry.
  23.  
  24. So we now learned that:
  25.  
  26. M = 1, H = 9 and A+U>10
  27.  
  28. III.) Actually, A+U has to be even bigger than 11 because each digit may only occur once and 1 is already used (by M),
  29. so A+U has to be bigger than 11
  30.  
  31. M = 1, H = 9 and A+U>11
  32.  
  33. IV.) Alright, we learned above (II.) that H + T is bigger than 10 so we have to add 1 to the addition on the far left.
  34. We now have:
  35.  
  36. T + A + 1 = 10+E
  37.  
  38. Let's look for another E
  39.  
  40. A + U = E (and we know from above, A+U>11)
  41.  
  42. This time there may NOT be a carry in this addition. If we were to add the extra 1 we would end up with
  43.  
  44. A + U + 1 = 10+E
  45.  
  46. considering that T + A + 1 = 10+E
  47. this would mean that T = U and this can not be the case. Each digit may only be used once. So it HAS TO BE
  48.  
  49. A + U = 10+E
  50.  
  51. And it has to be 10+E on the right side because we need that carryover 1 for H+T.
  52.  
  53. V.) Let's continue on the far right. We have M + G = R. We know that M = 1 so the equation is
  54.  
  55. 1 + G = R. There is not much we can do here other than note that since we have no 0 and we are adding G to 1, R needs to be
  56. at least 3. 1 is already used so the next smaller digit for G is 2, so R has to be 3 or bigger.
  57.  
  58. VI.) Next part, U + R = O. This result has to be smaller than 10 since we may not have a carryover (this would contradict IV.).
  59. We also already used 9 (for H) so to stay smaller than 10 we need U + R < 9 and we know (from V.) that R >= 3 so U has to be
  60. smaller or equal to 5. If U were bigger than 5 we would end up with U+R > 8 and this is not possible.
  61.  
  62. VII.) Ok let's get to the final parts. We now have basically everything we need:
  63.  
  64. M = 1, H = 9, T+A+1=10+E, A+U=10+E, O = U+R < 9, R >= 3, U <= 5, G >= 2
  65.  
  66. The most important parts are these two equations:
  67. T + A + 1 = 10+E
  68. A + U = 10+E
  69.  
  70. Solving them for E yields:
  71. A + T - 9 = E
  72. A + U - 10 = E
  73.  
  74. We can instead write:
  75. A + T - 9 = A + U - 10
  76.  
  77. And simplify it:
  78. T + 1 = U
  79.  
  80. So U is always 1 bigger than T, but how can we use this? We know that U <= 5 so we now also know that T <= 4.
  81.  
  82. ------------------------------------------------------
  83. Testing all possible numbers from here on:
  84.  
  85. THAUM
  86. +ATURG
  87. =METEOR
  88.  
  89. M = 1, H = 9. Let's try G = 2 => R = 3
  90.  
  91. T9AU1
  92. +ATU32
  93. =1ETEO3
  94.  
  95. Ok, how about U = 5 => O = 8
  96.  
  97. T9A51
  98. +AT532
  99. =1ETE83
  100.  
  101. At this point we run into a problem. We need "A+5 = E" to be bigger than 10. We only have 6 and 7 left to use for A but
  102. if we use 6 or 7 we get 6 + 5 = 10 + 1 (or 7 + 5 = 10 + 2), so we would end up with E=1 or E=2. Both are not possible since
  103. we already used these numbers.
  104.  
  105. Let's try a different number for "G":
  106.  
  107. M = 1, H = 9. Let's try G = 3 => R = 4
  108.  
  109. T9AU1
  110. +ATU43
  111. =1ETEO4
  112.  
  113. Ok, we know that U+R=O has to be smaller than 9 so we can only chose U=2 but this already causes a problem since U = T+1.
  114. U=2 would mean that T=1 but 1 is already used. So this does not work.
  115.  
  116. Again, let's try a different number for "G":
  117.  
  118. M = 1, H = 9. Let's try G = 4 => R = 5
  119.  
  120. T9AU1
  121. +ATU54
  122. =1ETEO5
  123.  
  124. Right, U+5<9 so U<4. Since U=T+1 and 1 already being used U can't be 2 so U needs to be 3.
  125.  
  126. T9A31
  127. +AT354
  128. =1ETE85
  129.  
  130. Once again "A+3=E" needs to be bigger than 10. So A has to be 8 or 9 but both are already used ... tough luck.
  131.  
  132. Next number for G:
  133.  
  134. M = 1, H = 9. Let's try G = 5 => R = 6
  135.  
  136. T9AU1
  137. +ATU65
  138. =1ETEO6
  139.  
  140. Welp, now U has to be 2 because U+6<9, but it can't be because T would be 1 which is already used.
  141.  
  142. The next one G = 6 ends even quicker:
  143.  
  144. M = 1, H = 9. Let's try G = 6 => R = 7
  145.  
  146. T9AU1
  147. +ATU76
  148. =1ETEO7
  149.  
  150. U+7 < 9 but 1 is already used. Done, no solution for this problem.
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