qz5

Whose earlier astronomical work did Newton, Halley, and Hooke work from in order to develop Newton’s celestial mechanics?
A) Galileo’s parabolic paths
B) Ptolemy’s epicycles
C) Kepler’s elliptical orbits

Feedback: in fact, there is a case to be made for all of these—even Ptolemy!—but the point for Kepler is made on pp. 256-7.

Correct Answer(s):	C


2.
Newton was a great alchemist.
A) True
B) False
Correct Answer(s):	True


3.
What non-academic factor sent Newton home to Woolsthorpe where he had his “miracle year” of 1666?
A) the Civil War closed Cambridge
B) the plague shut the university
C) Newton’s parent’s could not pay his tuition
Correct Answer(s):	B


4.
Who was largely excluded form the world of natural philosophy in the 18th century?
A) women
B) protestants
C) priests
Points Earned:	3.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	A


5.
Was Newton’s Principia Mathematica more the beginning of a new world in science or the culmination of the old world of natural philosophy? (hint: think about the rest of its title).
A) both
B) the culmination
C) a new beginning

Feedback: Why do you people always assume it is ‘both’? (2/3 partial credit for that, but the whole point of its title is “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”. He was not trying to start something new, though he did do that in the end.
Points Earned:	2.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	B


 6.
Where did Newton actually make a wealthy living?
A) from his frequent publishing
B) as Lucasian Professor at Cambridge
C) as Master of the Mint in London
Points Earned:	0.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	C


7.
Which field of natural philosophy demonstrated most directly from experiments during the Scientific Revolution?
A) physics
B) astronomy
C) chemistry
Points Earned:	0.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	C


8.
What field of natural philosophy was used (in vin) to perfect navigation at sea?
A) chemistry
B) astronomy
C) physics
Points Earned:	3.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	B


9.
What was the legacy of Newton abroad?
A) Newtonianism dominated French intellectual thought in the 18th century
B) Newtonianism displaced German ideas of mathematics (the calculus) in the 18th century
C) Newtonianism never had much impact outside England (and, of course, its colonies).
Points Earned:	3.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	A


10.
Please indicate the most important piece of apparatus for the investigation of natural philosophy – it was the one used by Boyle.
A) the microscope
B) the telescope
C) the air-pump

Feedback: I’ll tell you why this was the most important in class.
Points Earned:	0.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	C


11.
What rather unorthodox thing does Newton end his masterful Optics with?
A) a political call to action for all scientists
B) a series of unanswered questions for further work
C) mediations on the one-ness of all things such as light, heat, force, God, and the universe
Points Earned:	3.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	B


12.
What field did Newton first publish on? That is, where did he get his start on his rise towards fame as the world’s best mathematician?
A) alchemy – the method of transmutation
B) infinitesimal mathematics – the calculus
C) optics – the prism experiments
D) mechanics – the fall of bodies under gravity
Points Earned:	0.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	C


13.
Which is the mythology of Isaac Newton?
A) dropping balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa
B) jumping out of the bathtub
C) being hit on the head with an apple
Points Earned:	3.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	C


14.
What did the news form of state-sponsored science help give rise to?
A) scientists attending to the needs and desires of the aristocracy
B) scientists serving in the bureaucracies of government
C) scientists devoting their energies to mercantile pursuits
Points Earned:	0.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	B


15.
The new scientific societies, like the Royal Society in the UK and the Academie des Sciences in France, were an example of what kind of science patronage?
A) nobility-sponsored
B) university-sponsored
C) state-sponsored
Points Earned:	0.0/3.0
Correct Answer(s):	C