2020-10-22 TOEFL: R paraphrase, speaking 2

Greg Malivuk
greg.malivuk@gmail.com
https://pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Homework (required): handout 1 pages 7-12
1 A
2 D (B is something you should be able to infer, but it’s not a restatement of the sentence.)
3 A (Not D, because they were assigned to develop new adhesives, and we only know about one that used these microspheres.)
4 B
5 C
6 D
7 A
8 C (“Pulitzer’s” means his newspapers)
9 B (This is the only option that mentions something after his death, which is important in the original sentence.)
10 D
11 D
12 A
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- Try to simplify the sentence yourself by removing modifiers and using simpler synonyms to shorten the sentence. Then compare your paraphrase to the answer choices.
- Look first for how the two main parts of the original are connected (e.g. with “because”) and eliminate answer choices that don’t include the same connection.
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Should we pay with my card or yours?
	“yours” = your card
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p. 13 and 15 of the pdf - Answer the paraphrase questions about Andy Goldsworthy’s art.
1 c (There is a real hole in many of his works, and the function of the hole is to be a looking glass into the mystery of life. There is no actual looking glass, which eliminates [a] and [b].)
2 d
3 c (“He was eventually executed” = He was eventually killed by the state for crimes. This is not what “executing” means in the text.)
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- Sometimes a wrong answer will use one of the words from the text in a very different sense.
	execute a plan = carry out the plan
	execute a person = kill a person as punishment for a crime
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BREAK
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Speaking Task 2 - Campus announcement and conversation
- 45 seconds to read an announcement
- about 1 minute for a conversation
- 30 seconds to prepare
- 60 seconds to speak

text
- It’s not always an announcement, but it’s always about some kind of change at the university
	announcement of a change that has happened or will happen
	proposed future change
	choice about a possible change
When you read, you should make a note of:
	- What is the change?
	- Why? (What reasons are given for the change or for why the change should happen?)
Dining club example:
	- dining club: culinary arts students will cook special meals
	- why?
		It will help the students in their careers by giving them experience
	- If there’s not a clear second reason, there is often a point in the text about money.
		These dinners will be a little more expensive.

audio
- The conversation is almost always between two students, one of whom has a strong opinion about it.
- Usually (about 60% of the time), the student disagrees with the change, but not always.
- Whether the student agrees or disagrees, the student’s reasons will probably be related to the reasons in the text.
When you listen, you should make a note of:
	- Who has the opinion? (almost always 1 man and 1 woman in the conversation)
	- What is their opinion? (good change or bad change?)
	- Why
Dining club example:
	- the man
	- good change
	- why?
		experience - it will be good experience working under pressure with time limits (unlike just cooking for each other in class)
		cost - it’s still cheaper than a similar meal in a fancy restaurant
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response
The organization of your response can be pretty similar to the independent speaking task:
1 Introduction: summarize the change and the reason(s) for it (In one sentence)
2 Thesis statement: state the speaker’s opinion about the change
3 Lead-in (optional)
4 First reason
5 Detail/example
6 Second reason
7 Detail/example
(8 Conclusion - if you have time)

	(1) The university is going to have a campus dining club where culinary students cook special meals. This will give the students useful experience, but it will cost a bit extra for people to eat. (2) The man thinks this is a good change. (3) He gives two reasons for his opinion. (4) First, it will be good experience for the culinary arts students. (5) It will help them to cook under pressure for a large group, because that’s similar to restaurant work. (6) Second, he says the cost is still cheaper than at a nice restaurant. (7) If students want to eat similar meals off campus in a restaurant, they will have to pay a lot more money than the extra cost of the dining club meals. In this way, they get a good deal on better food. (8) In conclusion, because it will be good experience for culinary arts students and a good price for the other students, the man agrees with the dining club plan.
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When there are multiple students, I’ll have you record your responses on your own phones (while muted in Zoom).
If you have an iPhone, you should have the voice memo app.
Otherwise, if you don’t know what audio apps you have, you can record a video of your desk while you speak your response.
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Record your response to ETS 1.1
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“Familiarity with the stimulus is necessary to follow what is being discussed.”
	= The person listening has to read and hear the same thing as you before they could understand your response.