2020-05-07 TOEFL: environment vocabulary

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/which-is-better-soap-or-hand-sanitizer-alex-rosenthal-and-pall-thordarson
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Speaking Section: third section, after the break; 17 minutes total; 3m45s speaking time; 4 tasks
1 (old 2) independent, choice question - 15 seconds to prepare / 45 seconds to speak
2 (old 3) integrated reading/listening/speaking, campus announcement and conversation - 30/60
3 (old 4) integrated R/L/S, academic text and lecture - 30/60
4 (old 6) integrated L/S, academic lecutre - 20/60
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ETS 1.4 example (critical period)
Text: introduces and explains a general concept
- identify the definition of the concept (the first sentence defines it)
- identify any key features or components (what happens if the needed stimulus doesn’t happen)
Lecture: usually gives examples of the concept from the text
- kittens: don’t develop eyesight if they’re in the dark for the first 4 months
- geese: follow the first moving thing they see during their first two days, even if it’s not a parent
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https://www.ted.com/talks/michael_merzenich_growing_evidence_of_brain_plasticity
https://www.ted.com/talks/dan_dennett_the_illusion_of_consciousness
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BREAK
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Climate and Environment vocabulary - Take 10 minutes to find the words in each sentence that have the given definitions.
1 precipitation - precipitate (This also includes snow, hail, sleet, etc.)
2 temperature
3 role (Expressions with “play a role” are metaphorical extensions of an actor playing a role in e.g. a play.)
	Better to say: “play a role” = “perform a function” or “have an influence”
4 fundamental - fundamentally
5 ecosystem
	“An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.” - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem
- community = the collection of different populations and their interactions
- population = a group of one species in a particular area
6 drought
7 atmosphere - atmospheric
8 lead to
9 fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal)
10 release (n and v)
11 emission - emit
12 absorb - absorption, absorbant
13 reflect - reflection, reflective
14 sustainable - sustainability
15 ecologist - ecology, ecological
16 deplete - depletion, depletable
17 deforestation - deforest(ed/ing)
18 tropics - tropical
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Handout 2 p. 2 part A - Take 3 minutes to match the words with the examples.
1 e
2 f
3 a
4 b
5 c
6 d
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part B - Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1 c (“such as the polar regions” means the polar regions are an example of the word we need)
2 a (fossil fuels are the only choice that we use)
3 b
4 c
5 c
6 a
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part C - Choose the correct form of the words from the first page to complete the paragraph
1 role
2 temperature
3 atmosphere
4 ecosystems
5 Ecologists
6 reflected
7 has depleted
8 absorb
9 sustainable
10 fossil fuels