production (Pamplona and Costantini, 2011). When reactive
forms of oxygen (ROS) are produced faster than they can be
safely neutralized by antioxidant mechanisms, oxidative
stress results (Sies, 1991). Moreover, short-term stres rapidly
elevates plasma T3, T.,, prolactin, insulin and growth hormone
concentrations (Scott et al., 1993). Adrenal corticoids, mainly
cortisol elicit physiological adjustments that enable animals to
tolerate stressful conditions (Correa-Calderon et al., 2004).
Plasma cortisol levels are elevated after either physical or
psychological stress (Hashizume et al., 1994).

According to the mentioned literature, it is obvious that
plasma GSH values decrease with acute stress, whereas
cortisol, T3, T., levels increase.

The aim of this study was to compare the stress response
of sheep with a range of non-painful handling procedures
applied in traditional and new ways by reviewing the routine
applications and evaluate the welfare status in sheep.

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