// This data simulates your database table
    $rowOne = array(1, 3, 5, 2, 6);
    $rowTwo = array(4, 7, 8, 9, 8);
    $rowThree = array(2, 6, 9, 1, 0);
    $rowFour = array(3, 4, 8, 8, 3);

     // This simulates a query for all the rows and columns in your db
    $allRows = array($rowOne, $rowTwo, $rowThree, $rowFour);

    // these are the numbers you want to count...notice there are no duplicates no need
    $numberCounts = array(3 => 0, 4 => 0, 8 => 0);

    // go through each row...
    foreach ($allRows as $row) {

        // go through each value in the row...
        foreach ($row as $value) {

            // compare it to each number we want to count
            foreach ($numberCounts as $numberToCount => $occurences) {
                if ($numberToCount === $value) {
                    $numberCounts[$numberToCount]++;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    var_dump($numberCounts);

    // with sample data will print out
    // array (
    //    3 => 3,
    //    4 => 2,
    //    8 => 4
    // )