<div>
    <form method="post">
        <button onclick="$(this).closest('form').data('target', $('#ide'))">#ide</button>
        <button onclick="$(this).closest('form').data('target', $(this).closest('form').parent('div').prev('h1'))">$(this).closest('form').parent('div').prev('h1')</button>
    </form>
</div>
<div id="ide"></div>

$('button').on('click', function (e) {
    var form = $(this).closest('form');
    var target = $(form).data('target');
    $(target).html(Math.random());
    e.preventDefault();
});

<div class="asdasdsadsad">
    <button data-method="closest" data-target="div">asdsadsadsadsa</button>
</div>

$('button').click(function () {
    var method = $(this).data('method');
    var target = $(this).data('target');
    $(this)[method](target).css({border: '1px solid #f00'});
});