documentclass{article}

makeatletter
newcommand{punctuationcheck}{%
@ifnextchar){I see a parensrelax}{%
@ifnextchar]{I see a square bracketrelax}{%
@ifnextchar.{I see a periodrelax}{%
@ifnextchar,{I see a commarelax}{I didn' t see anything }}}}%
}
newcommand{ie}{textit{i.e.}@ifnextchar,{I saw a commarelax}{I didn't see a comma,}punctuationcheck}
makeatother

begin{document}
ie) test

ie] test

ie. test

ie, test
end{document}