2019-03-11 Grammar: parts of speech

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes
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Parts Of Speech (“kinds” of words):
verbs = actions and states
nouns = things (including people and places)
adverbs = modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
adjectives = modify nouns (and pronouns)
pronouns = replace nouns in a sentence
determiners = before noun phrases, including articles, demonstratives, quantifiers, and possessives
prepositions = give adjective or adverb information relating to a noun
conjunctions = connect phrases and clauses
interjection = give “emotional” information about the speaker, but not about the words in the sentence
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Many words can be multiple parts of speech.
What part of speech is the underlined word in each of these sentences?
1 We need to learn about our past. - noun
2 Your friend just went past. - adverb
3 The past event will be remembered forever. - adjective
4 The fall colors are outstanding this year. - adjective
5 The leaves fall all over the ground. - verb
6 The branches broke his fall from the tree. - noun
7 The spring is full of mud. - noun
8 Spring into action before it’s too late. - verb
9 Don’t come near me! - preposition
10 Do you think he is near? - adverb
** I’m all set to set the table with this new set of dishes. - adjective, verb, noun
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Many parts of speech have multiple “kinds” within them:
verbs - auxiliary / main, action / non-action (dynamic / stative), transitive / intransitive
nouns - count / noncount, proper / common
adjectives - gradable/ungradable
adverbs - frequency/certainty/manner/etc., gradable/ungradable
conjunctions - coordinating / subordinating
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This week: verb tenses
(12 = 3 time frames * perfect/not * simple/continuous)