List of countries

List of sovereign states
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"List of nations" and "List of countries" redirect here. For other country lists, see Lists of countries and territories. For non-sovereign dependencies, see Dependent territory.
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This list of sovereign states provides an overview of states around the world, with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.

The 206 states listed are divided into:

The membership within the United Nations system column divides the states into three categories: 193 member states,[1] two observer states, and 11 other states.
The sovereignty dispute column indicates states whose sovereignty is undisputed (190 states) and states whose sovereignty is disputed (16 states).
Compiling a list such as this can be a difficult and controversial process, as there is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations concerning the criteria for statehood. For more information on the criteria used to determine the contents of this list, please see the criteria for inclusion section below. The list is intended to include entities that have been recognized to have de facto status as sovereign states, and inclusion should not be seen as an endorsement of any specific claim to statehood in legal terms.

Contents  [hide]
1 List of states
2 Criteria for inclusion
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 Bibliography
List of states[edit]
Short and formal names	Membership within the UN System [Note 1]	Sovereignty dispute [Note 2]	Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty [Note 4]
 Abkhazia – Republic of Abkhazia	No membership	Claimed by Georgia	Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela,[44] Nagorno-Karabakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[45] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
 Afghanistan – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan	UN member state	None
 Albania – Republic of Albania	UN member state	None
 Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria	UN member state	None
 Andorra – Principality of Andorra	UN member state	None	Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[2] who himself is appointed by the Holy See.
 Angola – Republic of Angola	UN member state	None
 Antigua and Barbuda	UN member state	None	Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.[Note 6][3]
 Argentina – Argentine Republic[Note 7]	UN member state	None	Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city.
 Armenia – Republic of Armenia	UN member state	Not recognized by Pakistan[4][5][6]
 Australia – Commonwealth of Australia	UN member state	None	Australia is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] and a federation of six states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are:
 Ashmore and Cartier Islands
 Australian Antarctic Territory
 Christmas Island
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
 Coral Sea Islands Territory
 Heard Island and McDonald Islands
 Norfolk Island
 Austria – Republic of Austria	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] Austria is a federation of nine states (Bundesländer).
 Azerbaijan – Republic of Azerbaijan	UN member state	None	Azerbaijan contains two autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[Note 6] In Nagorno-Karabakh, a de facto state has been established.
 Bahamas, The – Commonwealth of the Bahamas	UN member state	None	The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Bahrain – Kingdom of Bahrain	UN member state	None
 Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh	UN member state	None
 Barbados	UN member state	None	Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Belarus – Republic of Belarus	UN member state	None
 Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions.
 Belize	UN member state	None	Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Benin – Republic of Benin[Note 8]	UN member state	None
 Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan	UN member state	None
 Bolivia – Plurinational State of Bolivia	UN member state	None
 Bosnia and Herzegovina	UN member state	None	Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent units:
 Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Republika Srpska
and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative unit.[Note 9]
 Botswana – Republic of Botswana	UN member state	None
 Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil	UN member state	None	Brazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district.
 Brunei – Nation of Brunei, Abode of Peace	UN member state	None
 Bulgaria – Republic of Bulgaria	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Burkina Faso[Note 10]	UN member state	None
 Burma – Republic of the Union of Myanmar[Note 11][8]	UN member state	None
 Burundi – Republic of Burundi	UN member state	None
 Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia	UN member state	None
 Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon	UN member state	None
 Canada[Note 12]	UN member state	None	Canada is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] and a federation of 10 provinces and three territories.
 Cape Verde – Republic of Cabo Verde	UN member state	None
 Central African Republic	UN member state	None
 Chad – Republic of Chad	UN member state	None
 Chile – Republic of Chile	UN member state	None	Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands are "special territories" of Chile in the Valparaíso Region.
China, Republic of → Taiwan
 China – People's Republic of China[Note 13]	UN member state	Not recognised by 22 states. Claimed by the Republic of China	The People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet.[Note 6] Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of:
 Hong Kong
 Macau
China is not recognised by 21 UN member states and the Holy See, which instead recognise Taiwan (the Republic of China).[Note 14]
China claims, but does not control, the de facto independent Taiwan.[Note 15]
 Colombia – Republic of Colombia	UN member state	None
 Comoros – Union of the Comoros	UN member state	None	Comoros is a federation of 3 islands.[Note 16][9]
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the[Note 17]	UN member state	None
 Congo, Republic of the[Note 18]	UN member state	None
 Cook Islands	Member of seven UN specialized agencies	None	A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands has relations with 41 other states. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[29] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
 Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica	UN member state	None
 Croatia – Republic of Croatia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Cuba – Republic of Cuba	UN member state	None
 Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus	UN member state	Not recognised by Turkey[10]	Member of the EU.[Note 3] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as "The Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus".[11]
 Czech Republic[Note 19]	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
Côte d'Ivoire → Ivory Coast
Democratic People's Republic of Korea → Korea, North
Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the
 Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
The Danish Realm includes two self-governing territories:
 Faroe Islands (Føroyar/Færøerne)
 Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat/Grønland)
 Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti	UN member state	None
 Dominican Republic	UN member state	None
 Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica	UN member state	None
 East Timor – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste[Note 20]	UN member state	None
 Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador	UN member state	None
 Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt	UN member state	None
 El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador	UN member state	None
 Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea	UN member state	None
 Eritrea – State of Eritrea	UN member state	None
 Estonia – Republic of Estonia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Ethiopia – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia	UN member state	None	Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities.
 Fiji – Republic of Fiji	UN member state	None	Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.[Note 6][12][13]
 Finland – Republic of Finland	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Åland is a neutral and demilitarised autonomous region of Finland.[Note 6][Note 21]
 France – French Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] France contains five overseas regions/departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of:
 Clipperton Island
 French Polynesia
 New Caledonia
 Saint Barthélemy
 Saint Martin
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
 Wallis and Futuna
 French Southern and Antarctic Lands
 Gabon – Gabonese Republic	UN member state	None
  Gambia, The – Republic of the Gambia	UN member state	None
 Georgia	UN member state	None	Georgia contains two autonomous regions, Adjara and Abkhazia.[Note 6] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed.
 Germany – Federal Republic of Germany	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] Germany is a federation of 16 federated states (Bundesländer).
 Ghana – Republic of Ghana	UN member state	None
 Greece – Hellenic Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] Mount Athos is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational "Holy Community" on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.[14]
 Grenada	UN member state	None	Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala	UN member state	None
 Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau	UN member state	None
 Guinea – Republic of Guinea[Note 22]	UN member state	None
 Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana	UN member state	None
 Haiti – Republic of Haiti	UN member state	None
Holy See → Vatican City
 Honduras – Republic of Honduras	UN member state	None
 Hungary	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Iceland – Republic of Iceland	UN member state	None
 India – Republic of India	UN member state	None	India is a federation of 29 states and seven union territories.
 Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia	UN member state	None	Indonesia has five provinces with official special autonomy status: Aceh, Jakarta SCR, Yogyakarta SR, Papua, and West Papua.[Note 6]
 Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran	UN member state	None
 Iraq – Republic of Iraq	UN member state	None	Iraq is a federation[Note 16][15] of 18 governorates, three of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.[Note 6]
 Ireland[Note 23]	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Israel – State of Israel	UN member state	Not recognised by 32 states	Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem,[16] an annexation not recognised by the international community.[17] Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered the occupying power under international law.[18][19][20][21][22] Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members (including most Arab states) and by the SADR.
 Italy – Italian Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] Italy has five autonomous regions, Aosta Valley, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily and Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.[Note 6]
 Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire	UN member state	None
 Jamaica	UN member state	None	Jamaica is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Japan	UN member state	None
 Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan	UN member state	None
 Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan	UN member state	None
 Kenya – Republic of Kenya	UN member state	None
 Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati	UN member state	None
 Korea, North – Democratic People's Republic of Korea	UN member state	Claimed by South Korea	North Korea is not recognised by two UN members: Japan and South Korea.[Note 24][23]
 Korea, South – Republic of Korea	UN member state	Claimed by North Korea	South Korea contains 1 autonomous region, Jeju-do.[Note 6][24] South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.[Note 24]
 Kosovo – Republic of Kosovo	Member of two UN specialized agencies	Claimed by Serbia	Kosovo unilaterally declared independence in 2008 and it has received diplomatic recognition from 107 UN member states and Taiwan. Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo is formally under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
 Kuwait – State of Kuwait	UN member state	None
 Kyrgyzstan – Kyrgyz Republic	UN member state	None
 Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic	UN member state	None
 Latvia – Republic of Latvia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Lebanon – Lebanese Republic	UN member state	None
 Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho	UN member state	None
 Liberia – Republic of Liberia	UN member state	None
 Libya – State of Libya	UN member state	None	Libya has one self-declared autonomous region:[25]
 Cyrenaica
 Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein	UN member state	None
 Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Macedonia – Republic of Macedonia	UN member state	None	Because of the Macedonia naming dispute, the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".
 Madagascar – Republic of Madagascar	UN member state	None
 Malawi – Republic of Malawi	UN member state	None
 Malaysia	UN member state	None	Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories.
 Maldives – Republic of Maldives	UN member state	None
 Mali – Republic of Mali	UN member state	None
 Malta – Republic of Malta	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands	UN member state	None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
 Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania	UN member state	None
 Mauritius – Republic of Mauritius	UN member state	None	Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[Note 6]
 Mexico – United Mexican States	UN member state	None	Mexico is a federation of 31 states and 1 federal district.
 Micronesia, Federated States of	UN member state	None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states.
 Moldova – Republic of Moldova	UN member state	None	Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state.
 Monaco – Principality of Monaco	UN member state	None
 Mongolia	UN member state	None
 Montenegro	UN member state	None
 Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco	UN member state	None	Morocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
 Mozambique – Republic of Mozambique	UN member state	None
Myanmar → Burma
 Nagorno-Karabakh – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic	No membership	Claimed by Azerbaijan	A de facto independent state,[46][47][48] recognised only by Abkhazia,[49] South Ossetia[49] and Transnistria.[49][50] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[51]
 Namibia – Republic of Namibia	UN member state	None
 Nauru – Republic of Nauru	UN member state	None
   Nepal – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal	UN member state	None	Nepal is a federation composed of 14 zones.
 Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of four constituent countries:
 Netherlands
 Aruba
 Curaçao
 Sint Maarten
The monarch and his ministers form the government of the kingdom as well as the government of its constituent country, the Netherlands. Following the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010, Curaçao and Sint Maarten have become constituent countries, which, alongside Aruba, enjoy considerable autonomy. The other three islands (Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius) became special municipalities of the Netherlands.
The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to one of the Kingdom's constituent countries or to the short name for the Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe.
 New Zealand	UN member state	None	New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,[Note 5] and has the dependent territories of:
 Ross Dependency
 Tokelau
New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states:
 Cook Islands
 Niue
The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 39 and 11 UN members respectively.[26][27][28] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[29] and are members of some UN specialized agencies.
 Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua	UN member state	None	Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[Note 6]
 Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria	UN member state	None	Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory.
 Niger – Republic of Niger	UN member state	None
 Niue	Member of five UN specialized agencies	None	A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue has relations with 12 other states. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[29] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship.
North Korea → Korea, North
 Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	No membership	Claimed by Cyprus	Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[52]
 Norway – Kingdom of Norway	UN member state	None
Svalbard is an integral part of Norway, but has a special status due to the Svalbard Treaty.
Jan Mayen is an island that is an integral part of Norway, although unincorporated.
Norway has the dependent territories of:
Bouvet Island
Peter I Island
Queen Maud Land
 Oman – Sultanate of Oman	UN member state	None
 Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan	UN member state	None	Pakistan is a federation of four provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes Indian sovereignty over Kashmir. It exercises control over some areas, but does not explicitly claim any part of it,[30][31] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[32][33] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:[Note 25]
 Azad Kashmir
 Gilgit–Baltistan
Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[34][35] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign as they do not fulfill the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan on their behalf.[35][36][37]
 Palau – Republic of Palau	UN member state	None	Under Compact of Free Association with the United States.
 Palestine – State of Palestine	UN observer state; member of one UN specialized agency	Disputed by Israel	The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from 134 states.[38] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on much of the territory that it proclaimed.[39] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[40] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[41] and an observer state in the UN.
 Panama – Republic of Panama	UN member state	None
 Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea	UN member state	None	Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.[Note 6]
 Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay	UN member state	None
 Peru – Republic of Peru	UN member state	None
 Philippines – Republic of the Philippines	UN member state	None	The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.[Note 6]
 Poland – Republic of Poland	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Portugal – Portuguese Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, Azores and Madeira.[Note 6]
Pridnestrovie → Transnistria
 Qatar – State of Qatar	UN member state	None
Republic of Korea → Korea, South
Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the
 Romania	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Russia – Russian Federation	UN member state	None	Russia is officially a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[Note 6]
 Rwanda – Republic of Rwanda	UN member state	None
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	No membership	Claimed by Morocco	Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 39 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian-African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian-African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.
 Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis	UN member state	None	Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] and is a federation[Note 16] of 14 parishes.
 Saint Lucia	UN member state	None	Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	UN member state	None	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Samoa – Independent State of Samoa	UN member state	None
 San Marino – Republic of San Marino	UN member state	None
 Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia	UN member state	None
 Senegal – Republic of Senegal	UN member state	None
 Serbia – Republic of Serbia	UN member state	None	Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[Note 6] Most of the latter is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo.
 Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles	UN member state	None
 Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone	UN member state	None
 Singapore – Republic of Singapore	UN member state	None
 Slovakia – Slovak Republic	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
 Solomon Islands	UN member state	None	The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Somalia – Federal Republic of Somalia	UN member state	None	Somalia is presently divided with the official Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) controlling only part of the country. Puntland and Galmudug have declared themselves as autonomous regions of Somalia (a claim that the FGS does not recognise),[42][need quotation to verify] while Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state.
 Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland	No membership	Claimed by Somalia	A de facto independent state,[46][53][54][55][56] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[57]
 South Africa – Republic of South Africa	UN member state	None
South Korea → Korea, South
 South Ossetia – Republic of South Ossetia	No membership	Claimed by Georgia	A de facto independent state,[58] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Venezuela,[44] Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and Transnistria.[45] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[59]
 South Sudan – Republic of South Sudan	UN member state	None	South Sudan is a federation of 10 states.
 Spain – Kingdom of Spain	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 special autonomous cities.[Note 6]
 Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka	UN member state	None	Formerly known as Ceylon.
 Sudan – Republic of the Sudan	UN member state	None	Sudan is a federation of 17 states. Disputes Abyei and Kafia Kingi with South Sudan.
 Suriname – Republic of Suriname	UN member state	None
 Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland	UN member state	None
 Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3]
  Switzerland – Swiss Confederation	UN member state	None	Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons.
 Syria – Syrian Arab Republic	UN member state	None	The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognized as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war.
Syria has one self-declared autonomous region:
 Syrian Kurdistan
 São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe	UN member state	None	São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.[Note 6]
 Taiwan – Republic of China[Note 13]	Observer in one UN specialized agency under the name "Chinese Taipei"	Claimed by the People's Republic of China	A state competing for recognition with the People's Republic of China as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,[Note 26] and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[60] The Republic of China is recognised by 21 UN member states and the Holy See as of 2013. The territory of the Republic of China is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 15] The Republic of China participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership. The Republic of China was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the security council. See China and the United Nations.
 Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan	UN member state	None	Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[Note 6]
 Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania	UN member state	None	Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.[Note 6]
 Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand	UN member state	None
Timor-Leste → East Timor
 Togo – Togolese Republic	UN member state	None
 Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga	UN member state	None
 Transnistria – Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic	No membership	Claimed by Moldova	A de facto independent state,[46] recognised only by Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh, and South Ossetia.[45] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit.[61]
 Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago	UN member state	None	Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.[Note 6]
 Tunisia – Republic of Tunisia	UN member state	None
 Turkey – Republic of Turkey	UN member state	None
 Turkmenistan	UN member state	None
 Tuvalu	UN member state	None	Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[Note 5]
 Uganda – Republic of Uganda	UN member state	None
 Ukraine	UN member state	None
 United Arab Emirates	UN member state	None	The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates.
 United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	UN member state	None	Member of the EU.[Note 3] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[Note 5] consisting of four constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia
 Anguilla
 Bermuda
 British Indian Ocean Territory
 British Virgin Islands
 Cayman Islands
 Falkland Islands
 Gibraltar
 Montserrat
 Pitcairn Islands
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
 Turks and Caicos Islands
 British Antarctic Territory
The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies:
 Guernsey, with three dependencies:
 Alderney
 Herm
 Sark
 Isle of Man
 Jersey
 United States – United States of America	UN member state	None	The United States is a federation of 50 states, 1 federal district, and the incorporated territory of Palmyra Atoll. The United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:
 American Samoa
 Guam
 Northern Mariana Islands
 Puerto Rico
 U.S. Virgin Islands
It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:
Bajo Nuevo Bank
Baker Island
Howland Island
Jarvis Island
Johnston Atoll
Kingman Reef
Midway Atoll
Navassa Island
Serranilla Bank
Wake Island
Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:
 Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands
 Micronesia – Federated States of Micronesia
 Palau – Republic of Palau
 Uruguay – Oriental Republic of Uruguay	UN member state	None
 Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan	UN member state	None	Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[Note 6]
 Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu	UN member state	None
  Vatican City – Vatican City State	UN observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA	None	Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to 180 states.[43] The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[40] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City.
 Venezuela – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela	UN member state	None	Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies.
 Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam	UN member state	None
 Yemen – Republic of Yemen	UN member state	None
 Zambia – Republic of Zambia	UN member state	None
 Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe	UN member state	None
Abkhazia → Abkhazia
Cook Islands → Cook Islands
Kosovo → Kosovo
Nagorno-Karabakh → Nagorno-Karabakh
Niue → Niue
Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Somaliland → Somaliland
South Ossetia → South Ossetia
Sudan, South → South Sudan
Taiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan
Transnistria → Transnistria
↑ Other states ↑
↑ UN member states and observer states ↑
↓ Other states ↓
↓ UN member states or observer states ↓
Legend "Membership within the UN system" column
  UN Member states
  UN Observer states
  Member of a UN Specialized Agency
  Observer in a UN Specialized Agency
  No membership in the UN system
Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column
  Undisputed sovereignty
  Sovereignty disputed
Criteria for inclusion[edit]
The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood that defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the other states" so long as it wasn't "obtained by force whether this consists in the employment of arms, in threatening diplomatic representations, or in any other effective coercive measure". Debate exists on the degree to which recognition should be included as a criterion of statehood. The declarative theory of statehood, an example of which can be found in the Montevideo Convention, argues that statehood is purely objective and recognition of a state by other states is irrelevant. On the other end of the spectrum, the constitutive theory of statehood defines a state as a person under international law only if it is recognised as sovereign by other states. For the purposes of this list, included are all states that either:

(a) consider themselves sovereign (through a declaration of independence or some other means) and are often regarded as satisfying the declarative theory of statehood
or

(b) are recognised as a sovereign state by at least one UN member state
Note that in some cases there is a divergence of opinion over the interpretation of the first point, and whether an entity satisfies it is disputed.

On the basis of the above criteria, this list includes the following 206 entities:[62][Note 27]

203 states recognised by at least one UN member state
Two states that satisfy the declarative theory of statehood and are recognised only by non-UN member states: Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, Transnistria
One state that satisfies the declarative theory of statehood and is not recognised by any other state: Somaliland
See also[edit]
ISO 3166-1
Adjectivals and demonyms for countries and nations
Sovereign state
List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
List of shortest lived sovereign states
List of sovereign states by date of formation
Lists of sovereign states by year
List of countries and capitals in native languages
List of national capitals in alphabetical order
Gallery of country coats of arms
Gallery of sovereign state flags
List of country-name etymologies
List of international rankings
List of micronations
List of states with limited recognition
List of territorial disputes
Table of administrative divisions by country
Template:Clickable world map
Terra nullius
List of rebel groups that control territory
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[1] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
Jump up ^ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 28 member states.[7]
Jump up ^ Information is included on:
The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
Membership in the European Union,[Note 3] where applicable,
Any overseas dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.
Jump up ^ The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
Jump up ^ Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975.
Jump up ^ For more information about the division of Bosnia and Herzegovina, see Dayton Agreement and the text of The General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (14 December 1995). Office of the High Representative. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
Jump up ^ Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.
Jump up ^ Burma's official short form name as used by the United Nations is "Myanmar". The government changed the state's official name in English from "Union of Myanmar" to "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" in October 2010.
Jump up ^ The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
^ Jump up to: a b The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, along with other names.
Jump up ^ See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China.
^ Jump up to: a b In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
^ Jump up to: a b c More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.
Jump up ^ Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
Jump up ^ Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
Jump up ^ A simpler official short-form name has been encouraged by the Czech government: the English variant Czechia remains uncommon, but variants in Czech (Česko) and some other languages are more popular. See Name of the Czech Republic
Jump up ^ The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the English translation.
Jump up ^ Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
Jump up ^ Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
Jump up ^ The Irish state is often referred to as the Republic of Ireland (its official description but not its name). Sometimes this is done to distinguish the state from the island of Ireland as a whole. However, sometimes it is done for political reasons and is contentious.
^ Jump up to: a b Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of Korea. See also Foreign relations of North Korea and Foreign relations of South Korea.
Jump up ^ Sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed between India and Pakistan; smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the List of territorial disputes.
Jump up ^ The sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and in part by Brunei, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Except for Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes).
Jump up ^ The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is not included, as despite being a sovereign entity it lacks territory and doesn't claim statehood. Entities considered to be micronations are not included. It is often up to debate whether a micronation truly controls its claimed territory. Also omitted from this list are all uncontacted peoples, either who live in societies that cannot be defined as states or whose statuses as such are not definitively known.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006). "United Nations Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
Jump up ^ "Andorra country profile". BBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act". Laws of Antigua and Barbuda. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
Jump up ^ Pakistan Worldview – Report 21 – Visit to Azerbaijan Senate of Pakistan — Senate foreign relations committee, 2008[dead link]
Jump up ^ Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az
Jump up ^ "Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy". News.Az. February 5, 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2014. "We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state."
Jump up ^ Europa, retrieved 28 February 2011
Jump up ^ "Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem". Reuters. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.
Jump up ^ Andreas S. Kakouris (July 9, 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. Retrieved May 17, 2014. "Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government."
Jump up ^ See Republic of Turkey Ministry for European Union Affairs Retrieved June 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji (1978 ed.). Suva, Fiji: Government of Fiji. 1927. Retrieved 2010-07-10.[dead link]
Jump up ^ Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister (1978). "Chapter 122: Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji. University of the South Pacific. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
Jump up ^ Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.
Jump up ^ Source: Iraqi constitution
Jump up ^ Knesset website, Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel
Jump up ^ "Disputes – International". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Gold, Dore; Institute for Contemporary Affairs (26 August 2005). "Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
Jump up ^ Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008). "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
Jump up ^ "Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
Jump up ^ Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005). "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status". University of Virginia School of Law. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
Jump up ^ "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation". Human Rights Watch. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
Jump up ^ "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". Retrieved 2008-10-27.
Jump up ^ Keun Min. "Greetings". Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
Jump up ^ "East Libya declares self-government". Al Jazeera. November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Federal Foreign Office of Germany (November 2009). "Beziehungen zu Deutschland". Government of Germany. Retrieved 2010-07-16. For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.
Jump up ^ China Internet Information Centre (13 December 2007). "Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
Jump up ^ Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations. "Foreign Affairs". United Nations. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c http://untreaty.un.org/cod/repertory/art102/english/rep_supp8_vol6-art102_e_advance.pdf
Jump up ^ Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
Jump up ^ Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "'Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...'". Outlook India (The Outlook Group).
Jump up ^ Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-275-96934-9.
Jump up ^ Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-81-261-1091-9.
Jump up ^ http://home.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72&catid=14
^ Jump up to: a b http://gbtribune.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/self-governance-order-2009.pdf
Jump up ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=z-aRAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1100&dq=azad+kashmir+gilgit+baltistan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rbnWU6-bMcqayATQz4HoDg&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=azad%20kashmir%20gilgit%20baltistan&f=false
Jump up ^ http://www.ajkassembly.gok.pk/AJK_Interim_Constitution_Act_1974.pdf
Jump up ^ Palestine Liberation Organization. "Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission". Negotiations Affairs Department. Retrieved 2011-07-28.
Jump up ^ See the following on statehood criteria:
Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010). Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute. 30 March 2010. pp. 28, 33. Retrieved 2011-04-17: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice".
McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994). "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine". Seattle University Law Review (Seattle University) 18 (93): 97. Retrieved 2011-04-17: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009). "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute". Human Rights Brief (Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law) 25. Retrieved 2011-04-17: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
^ Jump up to: a b "Non-member States and Entities". United Nations. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
Jump up ^ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. "Arab States: Palestine". United Nations. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Weller, Marc; Nobbs, Katherine (2010). Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. Philadelphia, United States: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4230-0.
Jump up ^ "Bilateral relations of the Holy See". Holy See website. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chavez Backs Abkhazia, South Ossetia". St. Petersburg Times. Associated Press. 27 July 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же" (in Russian). newsru.com. 2006-11-17. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford University Press. p. 53. "...there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland."
Jump up ^ Krüger, Heiko (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Springer. p. 55. ISBN 978-3-642-11787-9.
Jump up ^ Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes (August 2010). "Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan". HULIQ.com (Hareyan Publishing, LLC). Retrieved 2011-04-17.
^ Jump up to: a b c Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам: "Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой", – сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... "...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики..." – сказал он."
Jump up ^ "In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie". Pridnestrovie. 2010-05-26. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
Jump up ^ See Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
Jump up ^ See The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession". Minnesota Journal of International Law 19:2: 380–381. 2010. "Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood."
Jump up ^ International Crisis Group (23 May 2006). "Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership". Africa Report (110): 10–13. Retrieved 2011-04-19
Jump up ^ Mesfin, Berouk (September 2009). "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland". ISS Paper (Institute for Security Studies) (200): 8. Retrieved 2011-04-19
Jump up ^ Arieff, Alexis. "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland". Yale Journal of International Affairs (Spring/Summer 2008). Retrieved 2011-04-17
Jump up ^ See Regions and territories: Somaliland (30 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
Jump up ^ Jansen, Dinah (2009). "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm". Geopolitics vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security (Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie): 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3
Jump up ^ "Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions". CNN.com (Cable News Network). 2008-08-26. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
Jump up ^ "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 2008-10-08.
Jump up ^ 'See Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2006.
Jump up ^ The following bullets are grouped according to the availability of sources for the two criteria ((a) and/or (b)). This arrangement is not intended to reflect the relative importance of the two theories. Additional details are discussed in the state's individual entries.
Bibliography[edit]
Federal Foreign Office of Germany (22 April 2009). "Amtliche Bezeichnungen ausländischer Staaten in den Landessprachen" (PDF). Government of Germany. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
Bissio, Roberto Remo, ed. (1995). The World: A Third World Guide: 1995/96. Montevideo: Instituto del Tercer Mundo. ISBN 978-0-85598-291-1. OCLC 476299738.
"Countries or areas, codes and abbreviations". Statistics Division, United Nations. 1 April 2010.
Davis, Tim (19 February 2009). "World Countries and States List". Timdavis.com.au.
"Geographic Names". Department of Public Information, Cartographic Section, United Nations. 7 September 2000.
"ISO 3166-1 Country names and code elements". International Organization for Standardization. 2010.
"List of countries, territories and currencies". Publications Office of the European Union. 4 May 2010.
Madore, David (3 August 2003). "How many countries are there in the world?". Madore.org.
"The World Factbook". United States: Central Intelligence Agency. 2010.
World of Information (Firm), and International Chamber of Commerce (2003). Middle East Review 2003/04: The Economic and Business Report (27th ed.). London: Kogan Page. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-7494-4066-4. OCLC 51992589.
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